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超声波辅助卤制雪山鸡的品质和风味分析

2021-11-12周唯伊陆欣怡戴嘉宁周子洋吴满刚于海葛庆丰刘瑞

肉类研究 2021年10期

周唯伊 陆欣怡 戴嘉宁 周子洋 吴满刚 于海 葛庆丰 刘瑞

摘 要:为研究超声波技术对卤制鸡肉品质和风味的影响,以雪山鸡作为研究对象,选择功率300 W、頻率20 kHz超声波辅助卤制0、30、60、90、120 min,对卤制鸡肉的出品率、颜色、质构、剪切力、感官品质、蛋白质氧化指标、挥发性风味物质进行测定,并进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)分析。结果表明:超声波辅助卤制可以提高鸡肉出品率,在超声90 min时出品率最高为91.43%;超声波处理可以改善卤制鸡肉的色泽和感官品质,显著降低鸡肉的硬度和咀嚼性(P<0.05),提高嫩度,超声120 min处剪切力最低为26.49 N;SDS-PAGE结果表明,超声波可以促进鸡肉中130~250 kDa蛋白的降解,使小分子质量蛋白条带增加,并显著影响肌肉的蛋白质氧化状态。基于主成分分析和热图分析,超声波处理会增加鸡肉挥发性风味物质的种类及含量,改善鸡肉风味。因此,与传统卤制工艺相比,超声波辅助卤制提升了鸡肉产品的品质和风味。

关键词:超声波;酱卤肉制品;品质;风味;感官评定

Effects of Ultrasonic-Assisted Stewing on the Quality and Flavor of Marinated Xueshan Chicken

ZHOU Weiyi1,2, LU Xinyi1,2, DAI Jianing1,2, ZHOU Ziyang1,2, WU Mangang1,2, YU Hai1,2, GE Qingfeng1,2, LIU Rui1,2,*

(1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;

2. Industrial Engineering Center for Huaiyang Cuisine of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225127, China)

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of ultrasonic on the quality and flavor of marinated chicken, whole Xueshan chicken carcasses were marinated and boiled with ultrasonic treatment for different durations (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min) at a power of 300 W and a frequency of 20 kHz before being simmered. The yield, color, texture, shear force, sensory quality, protein oxidation index and volatile flavor compounds of marinated chicken were measured, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was employed for protein profiling of chicken meat. The results showed that the ultrasound-assisted stewing improved the yield of marinated chicken, reaching the highest value of 91.43% at 90 min. Ultrasonic treatment enhanced the color and sensory quality of marinated chicken, and significantly reduced the hardness and chewiness and improved the tenderness (P < 0.05). The lowest shear force value of 26.49 N was found at 120 min of ultrasound treatment. Analysis by SDS-PAGE revealed that ultrasound treatment promoted the degradation of proteins with molecular mass of 130–250 kDa thus increasing the intensity of small molecular mass protein bands, and affected the oxidative state of proteins. According to the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and heat map analysis, ultrasonic treatment increased the type and content of volatile flavor substances and improved the flavor of marinated chicken. Therefore, compared with the traditional marination process, the ultrasonic-assisted process could improve the quality and flavor of marinated chicken.

Keywords: ultrasonic; marinated meat products; quality; flavor; sensory evaluation

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210602-167

中圖分类号:TS251.5                                        文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)10-0033-08

引文格式:

周唯伊, 陆欣怡, 戴嘉宁, 等. 超声波辅助卤制雪山鸡的品质和风味分析[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(10): 33-40. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210602-167.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

ZHOU Weiyi, LU Xinyi, DAI Jianing, et al. Effects of ultrasonic-assisted stewing on the quality and flavor of marinated xueshan chicken[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(10): 33-40. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210602-167.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

在中国传统肉制品中,酱卤肉制品的产销量最大,一直深受广大消费者喜爱[1]。传统卤制工艺一般是将预处理的原料肉浸泡在由香辛料和调味料组成的卤水中,在常温或低温条件下放置一段时间,使卤汁渗透进入肉中,以提升肉制品的品质和风味。近年来,经传统卤制工艺生产的肉制品表现出蒸煮损失大、风味品质不稳定、味道分布不均匀等问题,传统卤制肉制品的加工处理方法不仅耗能、耗时,而且生产效率低下[2]。因此,需在传统卤制工艺基础上进行改善,引入新技术,以缩短加工时间、降低能耗和生产高品质酱卤制品[3]。

近年来,超声波技术作为一种可持续、低成本、快捷且易于尝试的技术,成为食品加工领域研究的热点[4]。……

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