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北京油鸡煲汤过程中鸡汤的风味变化

2021-11-12秦琛强杨卫芳吕学泽夏秋霞王梁赵灵改刘毅李兴民

肉类研究 2021年10期

秦琛强 杨卫芳 吕学泽 夏秋霞 王梁 赵灵改 刘毅 李兴民

摘 要:采用电子舌结合核苷酸和游离氨基酸测定,对鸡汤的滋味变化进行研究,通过电子鼻结合气相色谱-质谱联用测定,对鸡汤的气味变化进行研究。结果表明:煲汤过程中鸡汤滋味变化是由于鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸、甜味氨基酸丙氨酸以及鸡汤中存在的一些多肽类物质引起;煲汤3.0 h后北京油鸡鸡汤中5-肌苷酸含量为64.12 mg/L,总氨基酸含量为39.54 g/L,牛磺酸含量为11.70 g/L;鸡汤中的醛类物质是鸡汤产生特征性香味的原因,其中壬醛、(E)-2-庚醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、反-2-十三烯醛、反-2-十一烯醛影响最大;此外,一些含硫化合物(二硫醚)及醇类物质(1-辛烯-3-醇)也对北京油鸡鸡汤的特征性香味产生影响。

关键词:北京油鸡;煲汤;鸡汤;滋味;气味

Change in the Flavor of Beijing-You Chicken Broth during Cooking

QIN Chenqiang1, YANG Weifang2, L? Xueze2, XIA Qiuxia3, WANG Liang2, ZHAO Linggai1, LIU Yi1, LI Xingmin1,*

(1.College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2.Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100101, China; 3.Hebei Qianxin Animal Husbandry Co.Ltd., Zhangjiakou 075000, China)

Abstract: The change in the taste of Beijing-You chicken broth during cooking was investigated by electronic tongue detection combined with the determination of nucleotides and free amino acids, and the change in the odor was examined by electronic nose combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the taste change of chicken broth was attributed to the umami amino acid Glu and the sweet amino acid Ala and some peptides in it. The 5-inosine monphosphate (IMP) content was 64.12 mg/L, total amino acid content 39.54 g/L, and taurine content 11.70 g/L after 3.0 h of boiling. Aldehydes were identified as characteristic flavor components in chicken broth, including nonanal, (E)-2-heptanal, (E)-2-octenal, trans-2-tridecadienal, and trans-2-undecane aldehyde. In addition, some sulfur-containing compounds such as disulfide, as well as 1-octen-3-ol also contributed to the characteristic aroma of Beijing-You chicken broth.

Keywords: Beijing-You chicken; broth making; chicken broth; taste; odor

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210511-130

中圖分类号:TS251.5                                      文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)10-0025-08

引文格式:

秦琛强, 杨卫芳, 吕学泽, 等. 北京油鸡煲汤过程中鸡汤的风味变化[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(10): 25-32. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210511-130.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

QIN Chenqiang, YANG Weifang, L? Xueze, et al. Change in the flavor of Beijing-You chicken broth during cooking[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(10): 25-32. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210511-130.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

北京油鸡距今已有300余年的历史,是北京地区的地理标志性产品,具有特有的五趾性状,体态富贵,外貌别致,是华北平原唯一列入中国家禽品种志的地方鸡种,是宝贵的地方品种资源之一[1]。我国自古就有饮用鸡汤的习惯,北京油鸡肉质鲜嫩,肉汤香味浓郁,曾被誉为“中华宫廷鸡”,在20世纪90年代曾出口日本,被日本称为“天下第一鸡”[2]。

目前对北京油鸡的研究主要集中在饲养方式对鸡肉品质、产蛋性能、屠宰性能、生长性能的影响以及贮藏过程中鸡肉的风味品质变化等方面。吕学……

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