〔英〕露易丝·卡明斯著 周德宇 梁丹丹译

提 要 作为语言研究的重要领域，临床语言学虽然发展势头强劲，但与句法学、语义学等分支学科相比，受到的关注尚显不足。本文主张进一步整合临床语言学与普通语言学，因为很多知识和方法是临床语言学家与语言学其他领域的学者共享的。我们首先审视了临床语言学的狭义和广义定义，然后考察了人际交流循环中的关键阶段。该循环展现了话语表达和理解所涉及的认知和语言加工，而语言和交流障碍是该循环中出现的某些故障。在分析语言障碍时，语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学和语篇学等语言学分支学科都有所贡献，一系列来自临床受试者（包括儿童和成人）的语料也说明了这些障碍的语言特征。最后总结了本文的讨论要点，并介绍了即将发表在《国际语言研究期刊》上的一篇配套文章。

关键词 临床语言学;语言障碍;言语障碍;言语和语言治疗;人际交流循环

中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014（2021）06-0067-12

DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210606

Clinical Linguistics： A Primer

Louise Cummings

Abstract Clinical linguistics is an important and growing area of language study. Yet， this linguistic discipline has been relatively overlooked in comparison with mainstream branches of linguistics such as syntax and semantics. This paper argues for a greater integration of clinical linguistics within linguistics in general. This integration is warranted， it is argued， on account of the knowledge and methods that clinical linguists share with academics in other areas of linguistics. The paper sets out by discussing a narrow and a broad definition of clinical linguistics before examining key stages in the human communication cycle. This cycle represents the cognitive and linguistic processes involved in the expression and interpretation of utterances. Language and communication disorders are characterized in terms of specific points of breakdown in this cycle. The contribution of each branch of linguistic study—phonetics， phonology， morphology， syntax， semantics， pragmatics and discourse—to an analysis of language disorders is considered. Data from a range of clinical subjects， both children and adults， is used to illustrate the linguistic features of these disorders. The paper concludes with a summary of the main points of the discussion and a preview of a companion article to be published in the International Journal of Language Studies.

Keywords clinical linguistics; language disorder; speech disorder; speech and language therapy; the human communication cycle

一、引 言

本文介绍一个常被理论语言学家忽视的语言学分支学科——临床语言学。尽管大多数大学开设的语言学课程都不涉及该学科，但它对语言学概念和理论的应用显示，这是一条前景无限且新颖有趣的语言学研究路子。本文的讨论将沿以下思路展开。第二节审视两个临床语言学的定义，一个狭义的，一个广义的。审视定义，并非为了限制讨论，而是为了有的放矢，以免讨论过于宽泛和费解。……