马博森 倪文君 曾小荣

提 要 对比分析6～7周岁汉语高功能自闭症与正常儿童在会话中的他发自我修正现象后发现，在会话交际过程中，自闭症儿童不仅产出的指称障碍和预判/可接受性障碍这两类会话障碍显著多于正常儿童，且总体修正成功率低于正常儿童。面对儿童产出的不同会话障碍类型，成人引发策略的选择存在显著性差异。当成人使用不同力度的引发策略时，儿童的修正策略选择存在显著性差异，且不同力度的引发策略下自闭症儿童的修正成功率低于正常儿童。有鉴于此，建议在与自闭症儿童交际过程中，交际对象尽可能创设共享沟通情境，有意识辨别不同类型的会话障碍，并采取具有恰当修正引发力度的策略，从而提升自闭症儿童的会话修正能力。

关键词 他发自我修正;汉语高功能自闭症儿童;对比分析

中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014（2021）06-0023-10

DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210602

A Contrastive Study of Other-Initiated Self-Repair Strategies between

Autistic Children and Normal Children

Ma Bosen， Ni Wenjun and Zeng Xiaorong

Abstract Drawing upon empirical data obtained from oral occurrence of 30 children， this paper attempts to analyze the differences of other-initiated self-repair strategies between Chinese children with high-functioning autism （HFA） and those with typical development （TD） aged 6–7. The findings show that in terms of trouble source， HFA children have produced noticeably more problems of reference and problems of expectation or acceptability than TD children， and the overall repair success rate is lower than that of TD counterparts. In terms of different types of trouble sources produced by children， there are significant differences in the choice of adults other-initiated strategies. When it comes to different degrees of adults other-initiations， there are significant differences in the choice of childrens self-repair strategies. Based on the findings as stated above， the study suggests that the interlocutors should create a more shared communicational context and take the initiative to identify different types of trouble sources during the conversation with HFA children. Moreover， the interlocutors should employ appropriate initiation strategies to improve HFA childrens conversation repair competence.

Keywords other-initiated self-repair; Chinese children with high-functioning autism; contrastive analysis

一、引 言

会话修正是指会话参与者针对会话过程中出现的听、说或理解问题，通过各种策略和手段加以修正，从而维持或拓展会话交谈的行为（Schegloff，Jefferson & Sacks 1977;Svennevig 2008;Makoto et al. 2018）。依据Schegloff，Jefferson & Sacks（1977），一个完整的修正序列由障碍项（trouble source）、修正引发（repair initiation）和修正结果（repair outcome）3个部分构成。从会话者角度来看，会话修正可分为自发的自我修正、他发的自我修正、自发的他人修正和他发的他人修正4种类型（Geluykens 1994等）。

会话修正现象是语言学界的研究热点之一，相关研究既涉及成人也关注儿童。就正常儿童相关研究而言，国内外现有研究主要探讨儿童与不同对象互动时所使用的会话修正策略及其修正能力的发展状况。……