周德宇 张惟

提 要 随着生活水平的不断提高，个体和社会对健康的关注范围更广、程度更高，语言作为人类的沟通工具，与健康有着密不可分的关系，因此我们尝试从语言学的角度厘清语言与健康的多重关系。基于国内外研究语言与健康的相关文献，我们认为在语言与健康的关系中，语言既是标记，也是媒介和资源。语言表现本身可以指向个体的健康状态，也是构成个体某些健康维度的本体;语言是传播健康信息和进行健康活动的重要媒介;语言还具有辅助个体、社会与国家实现健康目标的资源属性。在深入探讨语言与健康多重关系的同时，也希冀拓宽基于语言学的健康及健康活动研究的视野。

关键词 语言与健康;健康标记;活动媒介;语言资源

中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014（2021）06-0013-10

DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210601

The Relationship between Language and Health： Index， Medium， and Resource

Zhou Deyu and Zhang Wei

Abstract With continuous improvement of peoples living conditions in modern societies， health-related issues have become one of the major concerns attracting increasing attention. Language， as the major vehicle for human communication， is closely related to and plays important roles in health-related activities. Many scholars from different disciplines have examined the relationship between language and health from different perspectives. Drawing on previous studies and adopting a linguistic perspective， we argue that language takes on multiple roles， namely as an index， medium， and resource， in its relation to health. First， an individuals language behavior may be seen as indexical and constitutive of certain aspects of ones state of health. Second， language serves as an important medium through which to disseminate health information and implement health activities. Third， language also provides useful resources to realize health goals for the individual， the community， and the nation. By exploring the relationship between language and health， we hope to broaden the vision for linguistic research on health and health-related activities.

Keywords language and health; health index; activity medium; language resources

一、引 言

按照世界卫生组织的定义，“健康不仅为疾病或羸弱之消除，而系体格，精神与社会之完全健康状态。”这是一种广义的健康观，倡导个体在多种维度上实现积极向上的生活。为了达到或维持这种状态而展开的活动就是人类的健康活动，其内涵丰富，形式多样，是个体或群体追求可持续发展的充要条件。对于语言和健康这一与现实生活紧密相关的问题，语言学领域学者们的理解和探索正在向多学科融合的方向发展。

语言与身心健康的关联是目前研究的主要方面。最早明确语言和大脑关系的是生理学家布洛卡（Pierre Paul Broca），他于1861年发现了直接影响言语产出的布洛卡区;而后，韦尼克（Carl Wernicke）发现了与语言理解相关的韦尼克区。……