刘梦涵 张光

摘要：脑肿瘤早期诊断对改善治疗结果，提高患者生存率起着重要作用。脑肿瘤影像具有很强的异质性，且脑肿瘤图像数量大、序列多，人工评估脑肿瘤影像复杂且耗时。因此，迫切需要具有更高准确性和更具效率的计算机辅助方法来进行脑肿瘤的分析。当前，计算机辅助脑肿瘤影像诊断研究主要集中在三个领域，包括肿瘤检测、分割和分类。近年来，人工智能领域内新兴的深度学习技术展现了其在医学图像处理领域内的突破性潜力，对于诊断脑肿瘤有更高的准确率和稳健性。本文回顾了深度学习在脑肿瘤影像诊断中的发展历程，介绍了近年来在该领域中的研究进展，对深度学习未来在临床应用的前景和挑战进行了讨论。

关键词：脑肿瘤;深度学习;人工智能;计算机辅助诊断

中图分类号：R739.41;R445文献标识码：BDOI：10？郾3969/j.issn.1001-0270.2021.05.10

Research Progress of Brain Tumor Imaging Based on Deep Learning

LIU Meng-han1， ZHANG Guang2

（1. Shandong First Medical University， Shandong 271016， China; 2. The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University， Shandong 250014， China）

Abstract： Early diagnosis of brain tumors plays an important role in improving the treatment results and increasing the survival rate of patients. Brain tumor images have strong heterogeneity， and the number of brain tumor images is large， and there are many sequences. Manual evaluation of brain tumor images is complicated and time-consuming. Therefore， there is an urgent need for computer-assisted methods with higher accuracy and efficiency to analyze brain tumors. Currently， computer-aided brain tumor imaging diagnosis research is mainly concentrated in three areas， including tumor detection， segmentation and classification. In recent years， the emerging deep learning technology in the field of artificial intelligence has demonstrated its breakthrough potential in the field of medical image processing， and it has higher accuracy and robustness for diagnosing brain tumors. This article reviews the development of deep learning in brain tumor imaging diagnosis， introduces the research progress in this field in recent years， and discusses the prospects and challenges of deep learning in clinical applications in the future.

Key Words： Brain tumors; deep learning; artificial intelligence; computer-aided diagnosis

腦肿瘤是指大脑实质或邻近脑部产生的异常细胞的集合或团块，是世界上成人和儿童死亡率上升的主要原因之一。世界卫生组织（world health organasition，WHO）将脑肿瘤分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个级别。肿瘤级别越高，恶性程度越高，其治疗也更加困难，预后及生存率也随之降低[1]，因此脑肿瘤的早期诊断至关重要。2016年最新版WHO中枢神经肿瘤分类将脑肿瘤分为17个大类，100多个小类[2]。不同类型的肿瘤有不同的治疗方法，包括外科手术、放疗、化疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等[3]。在使用任何治疗方法之前，需要了解脑肿瘤的详细信息，如其位置、生长速度和所有相关因素。……