秦灿 张明娟

摘 要 目的：通過描述2011-2020年上海叶榭镇的伤害流行特征，为制定有针对性的伤害预防控制策略提供依据。方法：以2011-2020年医院信息系统收集到的全部伤害病例为研究对象，对伤害数据进行统计分析。结果：2011-2020年共收集到伤害报告26 577例，男女比1.44：1。伤害主要发生在45～64岁年龄组，占总数的38.11%。伤害的职业分布特征显示，生产运输设备操作人员及有关人员和家务人员更易受到伤害，分别占伤害总人数的28.39%和25.21%。伤害以跌倒/坠落和钝器伤为主，两种伤害发生原因占总数的71.56%。伤害发生地点主要是发生在家中占伤害人数的41.73%。伤害的临床信息情况显示，伤害性质以挫伤和擦伤为主，伤害部位和程度主要为下肢、上肢、躯干的轻度伤。趋势分析显示，0～14岁、15～29岁和30～44岁年龄组的伤害发生呈下降趋势，年度变化百分比（APC）值分别为-10.42%、-6.57%和-3.92%（均P<0.05）。从伤害发生原因的趋势看，机动车车祸和跌倒/坠落呈逐年下降趋势，APC值分别为-9.24%和-4.11%（P均<0.05）。结论：男性伤害病例数多于女性，伤害发生人群主要集中于45～64岁劳动人群，0～44岁年龄组伤害发生呈下降趋势，机动车车祸和跌倒/坠落的伤害呈逐年下降趋势。应对不同人群特点开展健康宣教，采取有针对性的措施预防控制伤害发生。

关键词 伤害；监测；流行特征

中图分类号：R199.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）18-0044-05

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of injury surveillance cases in a community in Songjiang District， Shanghai from 2011 to 2020

QIN Can， ZHANG Mingjuan

（Community Prevention and Health Care Department of Yexie Community health service center of Songjiang District， Shanghai 201609， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To describe the epidemiological characteristics of injuries in Yexie Community of Shanghai from 2011 to 2020， so as to provide basis for the development of targeted injury prevention and control strategies. Methods： All the injury cases collected by the hospital information system from 2011 to 2020 were taken as the research objects， and the statistical analysis on the injury data was carried out. Results： A total of 26 577 injury reports were collected from 2011 to 2020， with a male to female ratio of 1.44：1. Injuries mainly occurred in the 45-64 age group， accounting for 38.11% of the total. The occupational distribution characteristics of injuries showed that operators of production and transportation equipment， and related personnel， and household workers were more vulnerable to injuries， accounting for 28.39% and 25.21% of the total number of injuries， respectively. Injuries were mainly caused by falls and blunt-arm injuries， and the two causes of injuries accounted for 71.56% of the total. The place where the injury occurred was mainly at home， accounting for 41.73% of the number of injuries. The clinical information of the injury showed that the nature of the injury was mainly contusion and abrasion， and the injury parts were mainly minor injuries of the lower limbs， upper limbs and trunk. Trend analysis showed that the incidence of injuries in the age groups of 0-14 years， 15-29 years and 30-44 years showed a downward trend， with APC values of -10.42%， -6.57% and-3.92%（all P<0.05）. From the trend of the causes of injuries， motor vehicle accidents and falls showed a downward trend year by year， with APC values of -9.24% and -4.11%（both P<0.05）. Conclusion： The number of male injury cases is more than that of female， and the population of injuries is mainly concentrated in the working population aged 45-64， the incidence of injuries in the age group of 0-44 shows a downward trend， and the injury of motor vehicle accident and falls is decreasing year by year. Health education should be carried out according to the characteristics of different groups， and targeted measures should be taken to prevent and control injuries.

KEY WORDS injury； surveillance； epidemiological characteristic

伤害是由于运动、能量、化学、电或放射性的能量交换，在机体组织无法耐受的水平上，所造成的组织损伤或由于窒息而引起的缺氧，以及由此引起的心理损伤[1]。如今伤害已成为影响人类健康，致伤、致残，甚至威胁生命安全的重要因素。不仅让个人承担身心痛苦以及时间和经济损失，巨大的医疗支出也给家庭和社会造成负担。中国每年发生各类伤害约3亿人次，因伤害死亡人数约为70万～75万，约占死亡总人数的11%[2]。经研究和实践证明，伤害和其他疾病一样是可以被认识，预防和控制的[3]。……