陈航英 陆智强

摘 要：以2012—2018年的农村商业银行为研究对象，利用固定效应模型研究市场竞争对农村商业银行业务风险选择的影响，并立足农商行进一步探究该影响的具体作用路径。研究结果显示：首先，市场竞争系数与农村商业银行业务风险系数显著正相关，即市场竞争程度的增加会提升农商行所面临的业务风险;其次，市场竞争程度的增加会显著降低农村商业银行的贷款利率以及存贷利差，影响银行的项目风险选择及高层管理者的行为，最终共同导致银行业务风险的提升。

关 键 词：市场竞争;农村商业银行;业务风险

DOI：10.16315/j.stm.2021.04.005

中图分类号： F832

文献标志码： A

文章编号：1008-7133（2021）04-0035-07

Abstract：Taking the rural commercial banks from 2012 to 2018 as the research object， this paper uses the fixed effect model to study the impact of market competition on the business risk selection of rural commercial banks， and further explores the specific action path of the impact based on the rural commercial banks. The results show that： firstly， the market competition coefficient is significantly positively correlated with the business risk coefficient of rural commercial banks， that is， the increase of market competition degree will enhance the business risk faced by rural commercial banks. Secondly， the increase of market competition will significantly reduce the loan interest rate and the spread between deposits and loans of rural commercial banks， which will affect the choice of project risks and the behavior of senior managers， and ultimately lead to the increase of banking business risks.

Keywords：market competition;rural commercial banks;business risk

改善中小企業及农户融资难、融资贵等问题是我国农村金融体系改革的焦点。何广文等[1]认为供需矛盾作为农村金融市场中存在的主要问题，能够通过放宽其准入条件来增强竞争以进行有效缓解。2006年起，我国新一轮的农村金融市场改革逐步推进。2008年，经试点后的小额贷款公司等新型机构形式逐渐推向全国[2]，多种新型金融机构及民间资本大量涌入农村金融市场。毋庸置疑，此次农村金融市场改革使得农村金融领域内的竞争程度不断强化，供需矛盾得到缓解。但对农村商业银行（以下简称农商行）带来了不小的影响，主要表现在：农商行在农村金融领域的地位受到威胁;特许权价值降低;新型机构带来的先进管理理念和方式对农商行原来的管理手段产生威胁。……