辜天军

摘  要：该文利用乌鲁木齐柴窝堡湖2019年水质监测数据和近年来水资源数据，采用地表水环境质量评价办法，系统分析了柴窝堡湖水资源、水环境和水生态状况和存在問题。结果表明：城市生活和农业生产用水增加造成柴窝堡湖面积萎缩、水位下降和水资源减少;2019年柴窝堡湖水质为重度污染，湖泊营养状态属于轻度富营养级;柴窝堡湖水生生态结构脆弱，生态服务功能差。基于此，该文解决水生态环境问题提出了建议和对策。

关键词：柴窝堡湖   水资源   水环境   水生态

中图分类号：X52                            文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）06（c）-0167-03

The Water Eco-environmental Problems and Management Countermeasures of Chaiwopu Lake in Urumqi

GU Tianjun

（Office of the Third Ecological Environment Inspector of Xinjiang Ecological Environment Department， Urumqi， Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， 830063 China）

Abstract： Based on the water quality monitoring data of Chaiwopu Lake in Urumqi in 2019 and water resources data in recent years， and using the surface water environment quality evaluation method， this paper systematically analyzes the water resources， water environment and water ecology status and existing problems of Chaiwopu lake. The results show that the increase of water for urban life and agricultural production leads to the shrinkage of Chaiwopu Lake area， the decline of water level and the reduction of water resources. In 2019， the water quality of Chaiwopu lake is seriously polluted， and the nutritional status of the lake belongs to mild eutrophication level. The aquatic ecological structure of Chaiwopu lake is fragile and the ecological service function is poor. Finally， some suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to solve the problems of water ecological environment.

Key Words： Chaiwopu Lake; Water resources; Water environment; Water ecology

柴窝堡湖位于欧亚大陆腹地新疆乌鲁木齐达坂城区，流域为典型温带大陆性干旱气候，年均气温5.0 ℃，年降水量64 mm，年蒸发量2 716 mm，蒸发量明显大于降水量[1]。柴窝堡湖南北两侧均为强烈上升的褶皱断块山地，北侧博格达山最高处达5 445 m，为流域最高点，南侧伊连哈比尔尕山，最高处海拔4 483 m[2]。由于流域降水减少，地下水开发利用过度，湖泊水位出现快速下降，湖泊不断萎缩。裸露的干涸湖床含有大量的细颗粒物质，在大风的作用下，容易形成沙尘天气，流域生态环境脆弱[3-5]。

在区域经济发展，水资源需求不断增加和气候变暖背景下，作为乌鲁木齐生态屏障，柴窝堡湖面临着水量减少、水质下降和水环境生态系统退化的风险。该研究利用近年来柴窝堡湖水资源、水环境质量和水生态等方面的数据资料，分析了柴窝堡水资源、水环境和水生态现状及存在问题和成因，提出了相关管控措施建议，以期为柴窝堡湖生态环境保护提供科学技术参考。……