李蕾 杨瑾

摘 要：装备制造业作为我国国民经济的支柱产业，仍处于全球价值链中低端环节，亟需突破路径依赖、实现产业升级，而确定影响装备制造业升级的关键因素是探究其产业升级路径的首要环节，也是研究的主要目的。基于全球价值链理论，运用因子分析法，在构建中国装备制造业升级影响因素指标体系的基础上厘清了其中的关键影响因素。研究发现：技术创新环境、资源投入状况、产品市场转化能力在其升级中最为关键，进一步说明产品研发和销售是中国装备制造业嵌入全球价值链实现升级的关键环节，同时发现其升级存在引进上游外资较多且行业分布失衡、产业集群区域发展失衡、装备制造企业吸收转化能力亟待提升等问题。针对研究结果，从推动企业技术创新、促进产业集群区域转移、引导外资流向三方面提出对策建议，对于探究升级路径更凸显现实性。

关键词：产业经济;全球價值链;装备制造业升级;关键影响因素;因子分析

中图分类号：F 426

文献标识码：A   文章编号：1672-7312（2021）05-0576-07

Research on the Key Influencing Factors of the Upgrade

of Chinas Equipment Manufacturing Industry

in the Global Value Chain

LI Lei，YANG Jin

（Public Policy and Administration，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xian 710072，China）

Abstract： As a pillar industry of Chinas national economy，equipment manufacturing industry is still at the middle or low end of the global value chain，so it is in urgent need to break through path dependence and realize industrial upgrade.Determining the key factors affecting the upgrade of equipment manufacturing industry is the first step to explore its industrial upgrading path，which is also the main purpose of this study.Based on the theory of global value chain and the factor analysis method，the key factors influencing the upgrade of Chinas equipment manufacturing industry are clarified on the basis of constructing the index system of factors affecting the upgrade of Chinas equipment manufacturing industry.It is found that technological innovation environment，resource investment status and product market transformation ability are the most important factors in its upgrade.It further explains that product research and development and sales are the key links for Chinas equipment manufacturing industry to integrate into the global value chain and realize upgrade.Meanwhile，it also finds out the existing problems of upgrading： more upstream foreign investment is introduced and the industry distribution is unbalanced，the regional development of industrial clusters is unbalanced，and the capacity of equipment manufacturing enterprises to absorb and transform urgently needs to be improved.In view of the research results，this paper proposes countermeasures from three aspects： promoting technological innovation of enterprises，promoting regional transfer of industrial clusters，and guiding the flow of foreign capital，which are more realistic for exploring the upgrading path.

Key words：industrial economy;global value chain;upgrade of equipment manufacturing industry;key influencing factor;factor analysis method

0 引言

目前，以全球价值链为联系的国际分工和贸易体系中，我国装备制造业整体仍处于价值链中低端。同时，随着全球化的深入和新一轮技术革命的推进，各国在参与全球价值链分工过程中竭力掌握关键环节控制权。我国装备制造业面临来自实施“再工业化”战略的发达国家和深度参与国际分工的其他发展中国家两方面的外部挑战，要想突破瓶颈，必须通过产业升级促进转型。……