宋韡 汤丽群 张根生 徐璐 高帆

摘 要：目的：探究高强度运动对摔跤运动员体成分改变及肠道菌的影响。方法：对招募的30名长期参加系统性摔跤训练的运动员进行为期4周高强度间歇性专项训练，分别于运动干预阶段前后测试体成分并采集粪便。粪便经质检后提纯DNA样品，16SrRNA基因V4区进行PCR扩增并完成建库;利用HiSeq平台进行测序分析，将聚类生成的OTU比对数据库完成物种注释、多样性分析及功能预测。结果：高强度运动干预后，运动员体重、BMI（身体质量指数）和体脂率显著降低;摔跤运动员肠道菌多样性增加不显著，体内拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）为优势菌，且拟杆菌与厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）比值增加，但柔嫩梭菌属（Faecalibacterium）和双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）丰度显著降低。功能基因预测显示，机体经过高强度运动，物质代谢反应和免疫能力增强，心血管疾病风险降低。

关键词：

高强度运动;体成分; 肠道菌群;16SrRNA

中图分类号：G804

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-2808（2021）05-0089-08

Abstract：

The purpose of the study is to explore the influence on body composition and intestinal bacteria of wrestlers with high intensity exercise.Research method： In this study， thirty wrestlers who have been taking part in systematic sports training for a long period of time were recruited. They were trained for four weeks with medium intensity and another four weeks with high intensity intermittently. During this testing period， their body composition was tested， as well as their feces samples were collected at different stages of sports intervention. After quality inspection， DNA samples were purified， 16SrRNA Gene V4 region was amplified by PCR methods and the database was established. This research select the HiSeq platform for sequencing， by comparing the OTU （generated by clustering） and database was used for species annotation， sample diversity analysis and function prediction. The results show that after the intervention of high-intensity exercise， the body weight， BMI index and body fat rate of selected athletes were significantly reduced， while the diversity of intestinal bacteria was not significantly increased. Specifically， Bacteroides which is belong to Bacteroidetesare is the dominant bacteria. The ratio of Bacteroides to Firmicutes increased. While Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium are significantly undermined. The prediction of functional genes showed that after high-intensity exercise， the response of body metabolism and immune ability were enhanced.

Key words：

High-intensity exercise;Body composition;Gut microbiota;16SrRNA

人体肠道内生存着1 000～1 500种不同类型的菌种，数量高达10[1]，且因其具有人体150倍之多的微生物编碼基因数而被称为人体“第二基因库”[2]。定植于人体消化道内的菌群通过其物种结构与多样性影响人体代谢过程、机体免疫和神经调节[3]。如肠道菌利用膳食纤维发酵产生短链脂肪酸，与G蛋白耦联受体结合，抑制脂肪沉积，参与甘油三酯的代谢过程[4]，此外短链脂肪酸可刺激肠内分泌肠源性5羟色胺，影响肠道传出神经的兴奋性[1]。但受宿主年龄、饮食结构、生活方式和遗传背景等内外因素的影响，肠道菌呈现出较大的差异性[2]。……