杨杰 冯鑫

摘 要：运用文献资料法、SWOT分析法，研究CBA联赛颁布工资帽制度的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁，并提出优化策略。研究认为：CBA联赛推行工资帽制度的优势在于国外职业联赛提供的宝贵经验、国家政策的有力支持、制度的推行满足联赛发展的需要;劣势在于CBA联赛管理理念的偏差、缺乏上位法的支撑、调节费税痛感不强;机遇在于中国篮球协会实体化改革的推进、各俱乐部严重亏损推波助澜;威胁在于“阴阳合同”问题、各俱乐部产权不明晰等。推进策略：抓住联赛改革机遇，探索多元化管理新模式;做好应对预案，解决实施后出现的威胁因素;加强立法，完善工资帽制度的法律体系;移植域外成功经验，完善工资帽制度的条款设计。

关键词：

CBA;薪资制度;工资帽;SWOT分析

中图分类号：G808

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-2808（2021）05-0068-07

Abstract：

Through literature study and SWOT analysis， this research focuses on strengths， weaknesses， opportunities and threats on the establishment of the salary cap system in the China Basketball Association （CBA）. And gives optimizations towards the present salary cap system. This research argues that， first， the strengths on the establishment of CBA-salary cap system lie in the experience of overseas professional leagues， and the support of the authority alongside the necessity of reformations in CBA. Second， the weaknesses lie in the sticking point about old-fashioned ideas on current management of CBA， lacking legal regulations form upper laws， and painless adjustments about fees and taxes. Third， the opportunities lie in the processive reformations of Chinese Basketball Association， as well as the fact of deficit in CBA-basketball clubs. At last， the threats lie in the troubles of “dual contracts”， and the difficulties in supervisions attribute to the imprecise property rights， etc. At the end， this research gives conclusion and implications toward the current salary cap system in CBA as below. First， the opportunity of reformations should be seized， a pluralistic new mode of management should be introduced in CBA. Second， specific backup schemes should be arranged， in order to cover threatening factors of forthcoming issues. Third， the relevant legal regulations， which related to the salary cap system in CBA， should be enhanced. At last， advanced ideas should be borrowed overseas in order to improve the formulation of clauses that related to the salary cap system in CBA.

Key words：

CBA; salary system; salary cap; SWOT analysis

薪資制度是职业体育联赛运行机制的核心环节。合理的薪酬不但能有效的激发球员的积极性，提高球队的竞争力，而且能促进联赛健康平稳发展[1]。中国男子篮球职业联赛（以下简称CBA联赛）自1995年创办以来，经历不断的改革发展，取得了一些突破和成就，但仍存在薪资制度建设滞后、球员流动性差、俱乐部运营状况欠佳、各球队实力相差悬殊等问题，这严重阻碍了CBA联赛职业化发展进程。鉴于此，CBA联盟下发了《2020—2021赛季CBA联赛球员注册、报名管理规定》（以下简称“管理规定”）对2020—2021赛季球员注册、薪资体系、外援及球员流动等联赛各项事宜制定了众多新的规定。其中工资帽作为规范各俱乐部球员薪酬成本支出的制度是CBA联赛历史上首次推出。……