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劳动力转移视角下养老保险对农民收入的影响

2021-09-27章筱淳

安徽农业科学 2021年18期

章筱淳

摘要 利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,通过构建层次线性模型(HLM),分析新农保购买、劳动力转移与农民收入之间的调节效应。结果表明,新农保的实施能通过促进劳动力在城乡之间转移从而对农民家庭收入产生正向影响,即新农保的“收入”效应可以通过劳动力转移这一途径表现出来。基于此,提出要始终将提高农民收入作为农村社会保障制度改革的根本目标,逐步提高养老金待遇,扩大新农保覆盖率和参保额;引导农村劳动力转移就业,建立、健全农村劳动力转移就业的长效机制等建议。

关键词 新农保;农民收入;城乡劳动力转移;养老金

中图分类号 S-9   文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)18-0224-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.18.054

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

The Impact of Endowment Insurance on Farmers Income from the Perspective of Labor Transfer

ZHANG Xiao-chun (School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095)

Abstract This paper uses the data of the Chinese family tracking survey (CFPS) to analyze the moderating effects of new rural insurance purchases, labor transfers and farmers incomes by constructing a hierarchical linear model (HLM).The study found that the implementation of the new rural insurance have a positive impact on the income of farmers by promoting the transfer of labor between urban and rural areas, that is, the “income” effect of the new rural insurance can be expressed through labor transfer.Based on this, this article proposes that increasing farmers income should always be the fundamental goal of the reform of the rural social security system, gradually increasing pension benefits, expanding the coverage of the new agricultural insurance and the amount of insurance; guiding the transfer of rural labor to employment, and establishing and improving long-term employment meachanism of rural labor transfer.

Key words New rural insurance;Farmers income;Urban and rural labor transfer;Pension

2009年9月,新型农村社会养老保险(简称“新农保”)作为新时期社会养老保险体系建设的一项重大举措首次开展试点。随后,新农保在全国各地逐步推广开来,对农民的消费、储蓄、收入等带来了重要影响。其中,农民收入始终是政策制定关注的重要环节,当前,我国已经摆脱了全面贫困,如何防止返贫、如何提高农民收入显得更为重要。

一般而言,研究养老保险等社会保险对于居民收入影响的路径是以世代交叠的OLG 模型[1-2]为基础,个人最优消费均衡为前提,将储蓄-消费决策内生化,研究养老保险等社会福利制度通过影响消费决策等因素从而影响人力资本积累,如劳动力转移、就业等,再影响到家庭的收入和收入分配[3]。但也有研究指出,養老保险的推广对农民收入的增加有直接的影响。……

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