袁嫚嫚 韦翠珍 邬刚 王家宝 井玉丹 孙义祥

摘要 为探明配方肥对小麦产量、肥料利用率和抗倒伏性的影响，在安徽省小麦主产区设置了农民习惯处理、配方肥处理、配方肥分别配施锌肥和硫肥处理及其同时配施锌肥和硫肥的处理的田间试验。结果表明，与农民习惯相比，5个配方肥处理增加了小麦产量;配方肥配施锌和硫肥提高了小麦氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力，平均增幅达9.6%、92.6%、54.1%;配方肥配施锌和硫肥降低了小麦的株高，提高了小麦的抗倒伏指数。

关键词 小麦;配方肥;产量;肥料利用率;抗倒伏指数

中图分类号 S 143.7  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）18-0161-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.18.039

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Formula Fertilizer on Yield，Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Lodging Resistance in Wheat

YUAN  Man-man1，WEI  Cui-zhen2，WU Gang1 et al

（1.Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Resource and Environment，Institute of Soil and Fertilizer，Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hefei，Anhui  230031;2.China Water Huaihe Planning，Design and Research Co.，Ltd.，Hefei，Anhui  230061）

Abstract In order to investigate the effects of formula fertilizer on yield，fertilizer use efficiency and lodging resistance in wheat，a field experiment was carried out in the main growing areas of winter wheat in Anhui Province.The treatments of experiments included farmers practice pattern，different of formula fertilizers application，and combined applying formula，zinc and sulfur fertilizers.The results showed that compared with the farmers practice pattern，applying formula fertilizers significantly increased wheat yield，and combined applying zinc and sulfur fertilizers had the highest yield.Similarly，compared with the farmers practice pattern，applying zinc and sulfur fertilizers with formula fertilizer increased the partial productivity of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in wheat on average by 9.6%，92.6% and 54.1%，respectively.Applying zinc and sulfur fertilizers with formula fertilizer also decreased the plant height and increased the lodging index of wheat compared with the farmers practice pattern.

Key words Wheat;Formula fertilizer;Yield;Fertilizer use efficiency;Lodging resistance index

基金項目 安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队（2020YL065）。

作者简介 袁嫚嫚（1983—），女，安徽宿州人，助理研究员，博士，从事生态环境与农业资源研究。*通信作者，研究员，博士，从事农业资源高效利用研究。

收稿日期 2020-12-31

小麦是世界主要粮食作物，对保障我国粮食安全起着举足轻重的作用。安徽省是我国小麦主产区之一，常年小麦种植面积253 万hm2。小麦倒伏常发生在灌浆中后期，是高产、稳产、优质生产的主要限制因素[1-2]。小麦植株抗倒伏能力与株高和茎秆机械强度关系密切，适当降低株高是提高抗性的有效措施之一[3-4]。合理的施肥措施有利于保障小麦产量，同时提高小麦抗倒伏能力和肥料利用率，如前氮后移、适量降低氮肥用量等[2，5]。

在测土配方施肥行动在全国实施初期，中国农业科学院在全国的测土配方施肥试验示范结果表明，小麦平均增产12.6%[6]。……