高佳玉 王化江

摘要：奶牛毒血症作为一种发生在奶牛妊娠期的疾病。同时被称为母牛肥胖综合征、奶牛酮病和脂肪肝综合征。该病主要是由于饲养不当，导致奶牛分娩中过于肥胖引发一系列病症。作为一种奶牛易感染的疾病，毒血症发病率较高，会为养殖户带来巨大经济损失，同时对奶牛养殖行业产生一定影响。该文主要论述奶牛毒血症的类型、发病原因、发病机理及防治措施。

关键词：奶牛毒血症;发病原因;防治

中图分类号：S858.23文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.23.036

Pathogenesis and Prevention of toxemia in dairy cattle

GAO Jiayu，WANG Huajiang

（Animal Husbandry and veterinary station，Sihong County，Suqian City，Suqian Jiangsu 223900，China）

Abstract ：Bovine toxemia as a disease occurring in the gestation period of cows. It is also known as cow obesity syndrome，ketosis，and fatty liver syndrome. The disease is mainly due to improper feeding，resulting in the birth of cows in a series of diseases caused by excessive obesity. As a disease susceptible to infection in dairy cattle，toxemia has a high incidence，which will bring huge economic losses to the farmers and influence the dairy industry. This paper mainly discusses the type，cause，mechanism and control measures of toxemia in dairy cattle.

Keywords：cow toxemia，cause of disease，prevention and treatment

0引言

患毒血癥的奶牛消化、代谢、生殖等体内机制失去平衡，发病时间通常是在生产前后3 ～内，发病时奶牛会出现明显的食欲不佳、精神较差、体重骤减等，其体内多个器官尤以肝细胞为主，脂肪积累过多。甚至严重的会出现胃肠蠕动功能丧失，奶牛出现乳房炎、卧地不起等症状。毒血症奶牛死亡率高，通过分析了解其发病病因及发病机理，从而有效对其进行防治。

1奶牛毒血症病类型

1.1急性

患急性奶牛毒血症的奶牛分娩后会出现少奶甚至无奶的情况。最初体温升高到39.5～40 ℃。奶牛走路步态强拘，目光呆滞，反应明显迟钝，会出现拉稀的表现，其粪便呈黄褐色，且有腥臭味。这种情况下，药物已不能起到作用，最严重的情况是奶牛会在3d内死亡。

1.2亚急性

多数奶牛是在分娩后3d内出现一系列症状，主要表现为产后酮病。奶牛食欲下降，甚至绝食，下奶少，极少排便，排便较干，尿液偏酸。亚急性奶牛会逐渐消瘦。部分奶牛乳房出现红肿情况，乳汁或浓或稀，胎衣滞留。……