赵海赟

摘要：青海省共和县有广袤的草地资源，但在草场长时间利用过程中，由于不科学放牧，超载放牧，草场的生态环境逐渐恶化，承载能力逐渐不足，给草原鼠害的发生流行提供了条件。目前共和县的鼠害较为严重，长期高密度加剧了草场的退化、沙溴化、水土流失，给农牧民的生产生活带来严重影响。为进一步掌握青海省共和县草原鼠害药物灭鼠效果，2020年9 月开展大范围灭鼠工作的基础上，在灭鼠前后各连续3 d进行草原鼠害密度监测，进一步掌握药物灭鼠的效果，希望本次研究对更好的提高灭鼠成效有一定帮助。

关键词：草原鼠害;药物;灭鼠效果

中图分类号：S812.6文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.23.045

Experimental Report on the Effect of Grassland Drugs in Killing Rodents in Qinghai Province

ZHAO Haiyun

（Grassland Station，Gonghe County，Hainan Prefecture，Hainan Qinghai 813000，China）

Abstract：There are vast grassland resources in Gonghe county of Qinghai Province，but during the long-term use of the grassland，due to ientific grazing and overgrazing，the ecological environment of the grassland gradually deteriorated and the carrying capacity gradually became insufficient，it provided the conditions for the occurrence and spread of rodent pests in the grassland. At present，the rodent damage in Gonghe county is serious. The long-term high density has aggravated the degradation of grassland，desertification and soil erosion，which has a serious impact on the production and life of farmers and herdsmen. In order to further understand the deratization effect of rodenticides against rodents in the Gonghe county grassland of Qinghai Province，on the basis of the large-scale deratization work carried out in September 2020，the density of rodents in the grassland was monitored continuously for 3 days before and after deratization，it is hoped that this study will be helpful to improve the effect of deratization.

Keywords：grassland rodent infestation，drugs，deratization effect

0引言

近年，草地生态系统面临内外部双重的挑战，草地利用不合理，造成草场退化严重，生产能力显著下降，给病虫害尤其是草原鼠害的发生流行提供条件。自然因素、人为因素已成为威胁草原生态安全的重要因素之一。青海省共和县是一个典型的畜牧大县，在很长一段时间内始终坚持科学研究与生产示范有效结合，经过科研人员坚持不懈的努力，从最小的草原受害防治到大面积的技术推广应用，从单纯化学防治到综合防治，逐渐构建一套以生物防治为主、化学防治为辅的综合性防治技术体系。但从整体的防控情况分析，草原鼠害的防治效果一直难以有效提升，药物仍然是草原鼠害防治的最常用的措施，通过妥善选择药物開展针对性的防控，能有效降低鼠害对草原生态环境造成的不良影响。……