张国

摘要：如何改善牛奶品质是现阶段众多奶牛养殖户重点关注的问题。牛奶的品质不仅受到奶牛品种和饲养管理措施的影响，饲料营养物质的供给对于牛奶品质的影响也非常关键。例如奶牛饲粮中的碳水化合物、粗纤维、脂肪、能量和蛋白质等均会显著影响牛奶的营养成分，进而影响牛奶的品质。该文对奶牛养殖中饲料营养因素对牛奶品质的影响进行介绍，旨在为牛奶品质的提高以及奶牛的科学养殖提供帮助。

关键词：饲料;营养物质;牛奶品质;奶牛养殖;饲养管理

中图分类号：S816.2文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.042

Effects of Feed Nutrition on Milk Quality

ZHANG Guo

（Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Santai Town，Jimsar Xinjiang 831704，China）

Abstract：Milk has the high-quality characteristics of rich nutritional value and delicious taste，and is deeply favored in the livestock product consumer market. With the improvement of people's living standards，the requirements for milk quality have gradually increased. How to improve milk quality is the key concern of many dairy farmers at this stage. The quality of milk is not only affected by cow breeds and feeding management measures，but the supply of feed nutrients is also critical to milk quality. For example，carbohydrates，crude fiber，fat，energy，and protein in dairy cow diets will significantly affect the nutritional content of milk，which in turn affects the quality of milk. This article will introduce the influence of feed nutrition factors on milk quality in dairy cow breeding，aiming to provide help for the improvement of milk quality and the scientific breeding of dairy cows.

Keywords：feed，nutrients，milk quality，dairy cow breeding，feeding management

0引言

畜禽养殖中，饲料营养物质的供给对畜禽生产性能和机体健康状况有关键的影响。奶牛养殖中饲料营养物质的供给会影响牛奶的品质，奶牛饲粮中碳水化合物、脂肪、粗纤维、蛋白质、能量、维生素和氨基酸等营养物质均会影响牛奶中营养物质水平，进而影响牛奶的品质和质量。如何通过奶牛饲粮营养的调整提高牛奶的品质是现阶段奶牛养殖户所重点关注的问题。

1饲粮碳水化合物和粗纤维对牛奶品质的影响

奶牛养殖饲粮中碳水化合物和粗纤维的含量对于奶牛的机体健康和牛奶的品质有关键的影响。实际养殖生产中，奶牛饲粮内不能添加使用太多的精饲料，需要以多汁的青绿饲料和干草类优质的粗饲料为奶牛饲粮的主体。奶牛饲粮中添加使用过量的精饲料会导致瘤胃发酵受阻，出现高丙酸型瘤胃发酵形式，虽然会提高牛奶的产量，但是将导致牛奶中乳脂的含量显著下降，降低了牛奶的品质。……