综合管理措施对抗菌药物治疗前病原微生物送检率的效果分析
2021-09-22赖凌宇谢建忠
赖凌宇 谢建忠



[摘要]目的分析抗菌藥物治疗性使用前病原微生物送检情况及临床干预的效果。方法以2019年1月至2020年12月就诊福建省肿瘤医院并治疗性使用抗菌药物的22709例患者为研究对象,2019年1—12月住院患者为干预前组,2020年1—12月住院患者为干预后组,比较综合管理措施干预前后抗菌药物治疗性使用前病原微生物送检率、无菌标本送检比例、多重耐药菌检出率、抗菌药物使用疗程等指标之间的差异。结果经综合管理措施干预后,抗菌药物治疗性使用前病原微生物送检率明显升高(均 P <0.05),无菌标本送检比例增加(均 P <0.05),耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌检出率下降(χ2=3.93,P <0.05;χ2=4.19, P <0.05),限制级和特殊级抗菌药物疗程均缩短(Z=2.182,P <0.05;Z=1.976,P <0.05),其差异均具有统计学意义。结论通过综合管理措施干预提高了抗菌药物治疗性使用前病原微生物送检率,同时缩短抗菌药物治疗疗程,减少无指征使用抗菌药物。
[关键词]抗菌药物;送检率;病原微生物;综合管理措施
[中图分类号] R95 [文献标识码] A [文章编号]2095-0616(2021)23-0237-04
Effect analysis of comprehensive management measures on inspection rate of pathogenic microorganisms before antibiotic therapy
LAI Lingyu XIE Jianzhong
Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou 350014, China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the situation of pathogenic microorganisms before the therapeutic use of antibiotics and the effect of clinical intervention. Methods A total of 22709 patients admitted to Fujian Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 for the therapeutic use of antibiotics were taken as the research objects. The patients hospitalized from January 2019 to December 2019 were included in the pre-intervention group and the patients hospitalized from January 2020 to December 2020 were included in the post-intervention group. The inspection rate of pathogenic microorganisms, the inspection proportion of sterile samples, the detection rate of multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the therapy duration of antibiotics were compared before and after comprehensive management intervention. Results After the intervention of comprehensive management measures, before the therapeutic use of antibiotics, the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms increased significantly (P <0.05), the inspection proportion of sterile samples increased (P <0.05), and the detection rates of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacterbaumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased (χ2=3.93, P <0.05;χ2=4.19, P <0.05), and the therapy duration of restricted and special antibiotics was shortened (Z =2.182, P <0.05; Z =1.976, P <0.05), with statistically significant differences. Conclusion Comprehensive management intervention can improve the inspection rate of pathogenic microorganisms before therapeutic use of antibiotics, shorten the duration of antibiotics, and reduce the use of antibiotics without indications.
[Key words] Antibiotics; Inspection rate; Pathogenic microorganisms; Comprehensive management measures
抗菌药物的临床应用问题已引起世界关注[1],提高抗菌药物治疗前病原微生物送检率(尤其是限制使用级以上抗菌药物)和无菌性标本的送检比例,可以大大提高抗菌药物使用的合理性和规范性,对遏制细菌耐药、提高治疗效果和保障人民群众健康权益具有重要意义[2-3]。《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》(2015版)[4]也指出:针对感染的患者,应当尽早查明感染病源,根据病原种類及细菌药物敏感试验结果使用抗菌药物。为了进一步加强抗菌药物的合理应用,有效控制细菌耐药性的发展,国家卫生健康委员会已将抗菌药物治疗前病原微生物送检率纳入10项《2021年国家医疗质量安全改进目标》[5]之一,为此,本研究对福建省肿瘤医院(我院)病原微生物标本送检干预措施的成效进行分析评价,为合理应用抗菌药物提供重要参考依据。……
