郭娜 方文清 杨锦民 杨斌

[摘要]目的为了解决现有腊叶标本制作工艺普遍存在的脱水慢、耗时长、易因人为因素破坏标本品相、标本成品色泽暗淡不鲜等问题，更好地服务于全国中药资源普查。方法设计一种腊叶标本快速脱水、成型装置，并选择草本、木本、藤本、果实、多肉、根茎、花等各类型植物标本材料代表21个品种，每个代表品种5份，用于本装置测试。结果利用固定框、伸缩杆、弹簧、玻璃材料等设置，成功设计了一种腊叶标本快速脱水、成型装置，且应用在21个品种中均有较好的定型、干燥效果。结论该装置具备了操作简单、快速脱水、标本品相完整和成品色泽新鲜等优点，为药用植物腊叶标本制作提供了新的方法，值得在全国中药资源普查过程中推广与应用。

[关键词]腊叶标本;快速脱水;成型;中药资源普查

[中图分类号] R281.4  [文献标识码] A   [文章编号]2095-0616（2021）23-0170-04

Development and application of rapid dehydration molding device for herbarium sheet

GUO  Na1      FANG  Wenqing1      YANG  Jinmin2      YANG  Bin3

1.Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering， Fujian， Fuzhou 350003， China;2.Yang-En University， Fujian， Quanzhou 362000， China;3. ShaowuNanwuyi Chinese Materia Medica Planting Cooperative， Fujian， Shaowu 350000， China

[Abstract] Objective To solve the problems of slow dehydration， long time-consuming， fragile appearance due to human factors， and dull color of finished specimen， and to better serve the general survey of national Chinese Materia Medica resources. Methods A device for rapid dehydration and molding of herbarium sheet was designed. Herbs， woody， lianas， fruits， fleshy， rhizomes， flowers and other types of plant specimens were selected to represent 21 varieties， with 5 copies for each representative variety， and they were used for testing this device. Results Used the fixed frame， telescopic rod， spring and glass material， a device for rapid dehydration and molding of herbarium sheet was successfully designed， and it has been used in 21 varieties with good effects of shaping and drying. Conclusion The device has the advantages of simple operation， rapid dehydration， complete specimen and fresh color of the finished product， etc. It provides a new method for the preparation of herbarium sheet of medicinal plants， and is worthy of popularization and application in the national general survey of national Chinese Materia Medica resources.

[Key words] Herbarium sheet; Rapid dehydration; Molding; General survey of national Chinese Materia Medica resources

臘叶标本是指将现采的植物进行压制干燥后，装订于台纸上，用于后期观察植物形态、生态等的标本[1-2]。人们通常也将其称之为压制标本，是一种常见的植物标本形式，也可作为科学研究、教学、资源调查等植物资源基础研究工作的重要参考资料[3]。腊叶标本干燥阶段主要采用吸水纸将其水分慢慢吸干，故需要勤换吸水纸和勤翻动，一般需要约6次翻动，整个过程需要15～20 d[4-5]。因此，在腊叶标本制作过程中，往往存在耗时过长、植物外观差、变色程度较高[6]等问题。腊叶标本的保存方法，主要有真空包装法[7]，或进行-80℃低温处理后，将其放置于专用标本盒内加以保存，并放置防霉防虫剂[8]，以保障腊叶标本后期贮存。……