李文婷

[摘要]目的探討艾滋病（AIDS）患者给予信息-动机-行为技巧模型（IMB）的延续护理模式干预的效果及对患者院外自我护理能力的影响。方法收集2019年2月至2020年2月深圳市龙华区疾病预防控制中心诊治的96例 AIDS 患者资料，按照随机数字表法分组。对照组（ n=48）患者给予常规护理干预，观察组（ n=48）在常规护理干预基础上，给予信息-动机-行为延续护理模式干预。比较两组自护能力、遵医行为和生活质量。结果干预后两组 ESCA 量表四个维度评分和总评分均升高，观察组明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。干预后，观察组患者遵医率为97.92%，明显高于对照组的77.08%，差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。干预后两组的 HIV/AIDSQOL-46量表四个维度评分均升高，观察组明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。结论基于 IMB 的延续护理模式干预的 AIDS 患者自护能力和遵医行为提升，生活质量显著改善。

[关键词]艾滋病;信息-动机-行为;延续护理;自我护理能力;生活质量;遵医行为

[中图分类号] R473.5  [文献标识码] A   [文章编号]2095-0616（2021）23-0131-04

The impact of information-motivation-behavior transitional care mode on self-care ability of AIDS patients outside hospital

LI  Wenting

Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Longhua District in Shenzhen City， Guangdong， Shenzhen 518109， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the intervention effect of transitional care mode of Information-Motivation- Behavioral （IMB） Skills Model on patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） and the impact on self- care ability of the patients outside hospital. Methods A total of 96 AIDS patients treated in Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Longhua District in Shenzhen City from February 2019 to February 2020 were collected， and the patients were divided into groups according to random number table method. The patients of the control group （n=48） were given conventional nursing intervention， while those of the observation group （n=48） were given the intervention of information-motivation-behavior transitional care mode on the basis of conventional nursing intervention. Self- care ability， compliance behavior and quality of life （QoL） were compared between the two groups. Results After intervention， the scores of four dimensions and total scores of ESCA scale in the two groups increased， and those in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P <0.05）. After intervention， the compliance rate of the patients in the observation group was 97.92%， which was significantly higher than the 77.08% in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P <0.05）. After intervention， the scores of four dimensions of HIV/AIDSQOL-46 scale in the two groups increased， and those in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P <0.05）. Conclusion The intervention of IMB transitional care mode can ameliorate the AIDS patients'self-care ability and compliance behavior and improve their QoL.

[Key words] AIDS; Information-motivation-behavior; Transitional care; Elf-care ability; Quality of life; Compliance behavior

艾滋病（AIDS）是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）所致的一种世界性重大公共卫生问题，对患者及家庭甚至社会造成严重影响。临床病理研究显示[1]，AIDS 的主要治疗方式为抗逆转录病毒，可有效降低机会性感染风险，使患者存活期延长。但该种药物治疗时间相对漫长，且受疾病的困扰，加之长期服药，患者负面心理情绪强烈，病情控制效果越来越差。因此，应对 AIDS 实施延续护理干预，但该护理模式在我国处于探索阶段，干预形式相对简单。信息-动机-行为技巧模型（IMB）是被广泛应用的行为改变理论模式[2]，其中信息是基础，是行为改变的先决条件;行为改变是最终目标，是贯穿于知识、动机和行为的必要元素。基于 IMB 的延续护理为 AIDS 患者康复提供信息，通过护理人员专业沟通[3]，强化动机，增强动机的同时促使患者获取康复信息的迫切性提高，两者相互影响。……