张帆 周金干 肖锋

摘  要：农产品冷链物流在温控过程中需要消耗较多的能源，对环境的影响也较大。文章从低碳视角出发，构建了包含财务、客户服务水平、运输能力、仓储能力、信息能力、低碳技术创新能力、低碳环保在内的7项一级指标和15项二级指标的绩效评价指标体系，运用层次分析法来确定各指标的相对权重，并采用模糊综合评价模型进行评判，推动农产品冷链物流行业发展的同时，降低冷链能源消耗，减少碳排放量，实现农产品冷链物流的经济、社会与环境效益。最后以江西省某农产品冷链物流企业为例进行实证研究，根据绩效评价结果，分析制约该企业低碳化经营发展的关键性因素，并提出相应的策略提升企业的绩效水平。

关键词：冷链物流;低碳物流;绩效评价

中图分类号：F272    文献标识码：A

Abstract： Agricultural cold chain logistics needs more energy in the process of temperature control， and has greater impact on the environment. Therefore， from the perspective of low-carbon， this paper constructs the performance evaluation indicator system of seven first-class indicators and 15 second-class indicators including finance， customer service level， transportation capacity， warehousing capacity， information capacity， low-carbon technological innovation capacity， low-carbon environmental protection， using the analytic hierarchy process to determine the relative weight of each index and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate performance. At the same time， it can reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions， and realize economic， social and environmental benefits of agricultural cold chain logistics. Finally， an agricultural cold-chain logistics enterprise in Jiangxi province is taken as an example to conduct an empirical study. According to the results of performance evaluation， the key factors restricting the development of low-carbon operation of the enterprise are analyzed， and the corresponding strategies are put forward to improve the performance level of the enterprise.

Key words： cold chain logistics; low carbon logistics; performance evaluation

农产品冷链物流有助于保障生鲜农产品的品质与安全，提升农产品的市场价值，冷链物流作为物流行业的中坚力量，关乎到民生工程。在《物流业发展中长期规划（2014～2020年）》中被多次提到。2018年中央一号文件冷链物流再成焦点，强调“建设现代化农产品冷链仓储物流体系”，由此可见加强农产品冷链物流建设已然成为促进我国农业发展的重点项目。然而我国的农产品冷链物流行业还处于起步阶段，与欧美发达国家相比，无论是设施设备，还是掌握的技术，或者是管理水平等各方面都存在着一定差距。同时，随着居民生活水平的大幅度提高，对冷链产品的需求快速增长，我国尚不够完善的农产品冷链物流企业将面临着不小的挑战和威胁[1]。……