APP下载

基于众包配送模式的超市订单分配与路径规划研究

2021-09-18李四兰郭伟钰宋孟珂

物流科技 2021年7期

李四兰 郭伟钰 宋孟珂

摘  要:随着互联网的快速发展,O2O商业模式已经成为一种潮流。超市作为连接广大消费者和生产者的终端场所,其在转型升级的过程中也采用了全新的O2O商业模式。由于超市末端配送服务具有即时性,超市配送员大多数属于社会闲散人员,并没有接受过专业的培训。导致在配送过程中发生无人接单、配送超时、顾客满意度低等问题。造成这些问题的主要原因是众包配送平台订单分配模式缺乏科学的并单指导,文章将杭州市B连锁超市的151个订单用改进的K-means算法进行聚类,再将聚类完成的订单用蚁群算法进行路径优化。最后验证了所使用的方法在解决超市订单分配和路径优化问题方面的可行性和有效性。

关键词:众包配送;车辆路径优化;K-means算法;蚁群算法

中图分类号:F252.14    文献标识码:A

Abstract: With the rapid development of internet, O2O business model has become a trend. As a terminal place connecting consumers and producers, supermarkets also adopt a new O2O business model in the process of transformation and upgrading. Due to the immediacy of the terminal distribution service in supermarkets, most of the delivery workers in supermarkets belong to the social idle people and have not received professional training. In the process of distribution, there are many problems, such as no order, delivery overtime, low customer satisfaction and so on. The main reason for these problems is that the order allocation mode of crowdsourcing distribution platform lacks scientific guidance. In this paper, 151 orders of B chain supermarket in Hangzhou are clustered by improved K-means algorithm, and then the clustered orders are optimized by ant colony algorithm. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method in solving the supermarket order allocation and path optimization problems are verified.

Key words: crowdsourcing distribution; vehicle routing optimization; K-means algorithm; ant colony algorithm

0  引  言

外卖众包配送是众包外卖平台以众包的形式从社会中获取闲散的资源(众包配送员),再将众包外卖平台获取的外卖配送任务交由众包配送员,最终通过众包配送员完成外卖配送服务。在传统配送模式下,要求车辆统一从配送中心出发,遍历所有顾客需求点后仍需返回配送中心,其目标函数多为运输成本较低、运输距离较短等。而众包配送作为一种新颖的第三方配送方式,在配送完成后无需返回配送中心,可直接在众包平台软件点击结束即可完成本次配送。具有更大的自主性和选择权。

国外相比国内较早的开始研究众包物流和路径规划问题,Klumpp(2017)[1]通过分析众包物流商业模式,结合具体实际情况,提出了如何有效的评价众包物流服务质量。……

登录APP查看全文