芝麻与大豆间作套种效益分析
2021-09-13张权王秋岭刘美茹张仙美郑磊吴鹤敏戴晋李天奇
张权 王秋岭 刘美茹 张仙美 郑磊 吴鹤敏 戴晋 李天奇



摘 要:为寻求芝麻、大豆间作最佳种植模式,建立较优的芝麻和大豆间作套种配比模式,系统研究了不同间作模式条件下芝麻和大豆的农艺性状、产量及其构成因素及芝麻和大豆间套作最佳经济效益。试验采用随机区组设计,设置8种不同的芝麻、大豆间作种植模式。结果表明,芝麻和大豆间作套种对芝麻和大豆部分农艺性状有显著影响,大豆∶芝麻=4∶4间作种植模式对芝麻、大豆农艺性状及产量影响效果较显著且增效最显著,为20 257.5元·hm-2,分别比单作大豆和芝麻增加3 598.5,4 176.0元·hm-2,为芝麻大豆间作套种提供参考依据。
关键词:芝麻;大豆;间作套种;效益
中图分类号:S565.3;S565.1 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.07.004
Abstract: In order to seek the best planting pattern between sesame and soybean, and to establish an optimal intercropping ratio model, the agronomic characters, yield, components and the best economic benefit of sesame and soybean intercropping were studied under different intercropping patterns. The experiment adopted random block design and set up 8 kinds of intercropping patterns of sesame and soybean.The results showed that some agronomic characters of sesame and soybean were significantly affected by intercropping sesame with soybean. The intercropping mode treatment of soybean:sesame = 4∶4 was the most significant. Its economic benefit was 20 257.5 yuan per hectare,which increased 3 598.5 yuan per hectare and 4 176.0 yuan per hectare compared with only planting soybean and sesame treatment respectively. This study provided reference basis for intercropping sesame with soybean.
Key words: sesame;soybean;intercropping and interplanting;benefit
芝麻是我國油料作物中传统的出口创汇优势农产品,是河南省特色油料作物之一,河南省芝麻种植面积、产量常年居全国第一。大豆是世界上重要的粮食作物和经济作物,我国是大豆主要生产国,目前生产规模居世界第5位,河南省大豆种植面积居全国第4位[1-2]。近年来,随着种植结构的调整,全省芝麻除单作外,与甘薯、花生等作物间作套种面积增长20%左右[3]。合理的间作模式能够充分利用光、热、水、肥等自然资源,在时间和空间上实现资源的集约化利用,是提高资源利用率、缓解人地矛盾的有效途径[4-5]。同时,间作在一定程度上还可以控制作物病虫害,抑制杂草的生长,进而实现作物高产高效[6-7]。
房增国等[8]发现间作对大豆根瘤的形成和生长发育具有促进作用,与单作大豆相比,间作对根瘤数的影响较小,而单株根瘤的质量在间作条件下明显提高。……
