冯培红 冯晓鹃

内容摘要：传世史籍简略地记载了康太和于733年随幽州节度副使乌知义参加对契丹的战争;敦煌文献P.3885抄有一篇《前大斗军使将军康太和书与吐蕃赞普赤德祖赞》及相关文献，记录了唐与吐蕃在河陇的战争，可与传世史籍、敦煌藏文文书P.t.1288相印证;新刊布的《唐康太和墓志铭并序》提供了关于康太和更为丰富的内容。前贤时彦对这些敦煌文献和墓志研究甚夥，但错讹疏漏仍有不少。本文在前人基础上重新校录文本，并对凉州磻和粟特人、诸卫和率府官的阶官化及内供奉射生、河陇使职与唐蕃交争等问题进行探讨，以期全面抉发唐代粟特军将康太和史料的学术价值，揭示其跌宕起伏的生平经历，并窥察粟特人在唐朝边防中的作用及宫廷宿卫情况。

关键词：康太和;粟特人;P.3885;康太和墓志;河陇地区

中图分类号：K878.6;K928.76  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2021）03-0040-17

Abstract：Historical records briefly record that Kang Taihe， following Wu Zhiyi， the vice military governor of Youzhou， participated in the war against the Khitans in 733. P.3885 contains a copy of a letter written by General Kang Taihe， the former leader （shi） of the Dadou Army of the Tang dynasty， to Tibetan emperor Tridé Tsuktsen， as well as other documents that mention the war in the Helong area between the Tang and Tibet. These records can be corroborated by various historical records and Dunhuang document P.t.1288 written in Tibetan. The newly published Epitaph of Kang Taihe provides even richer information about Kang Taihe. A great amount of research has been done on both the epitaph and Dunhuang document， though some errors and omissions remain. On the basis of previous research findings， this article collates the texts of the documents and the epitaph and discusses various issues related to the Sogdians in Panhe County in Liangzhou， Kang Taihe's official ranks in the local and central military governments， and the wars between the Tang and Tibet. The purpose of this research is to cover comprehensively the historical materials regarding Sogdian general Kang Taihe， to reveal the legendary struggles and triumphs of his life， and to explore the role of the Sogdians in the border defense and palace security during the Tang dynasty.

Keywords：Kang Taihe; Sogdians; P.3885; Kang Taihes epitaph;  Helong area

2019年4月，《陜西省考古研究院新入藏墓志》一书刊布了《唐康太和墓志铭并序》{1}。从墓志内容可知，康太和曾在河陇地区抗御吐蕃，又长期在京城供奉宿卫，官至河西节度副使、陇右节度副使及左羽林军大将军。此方墓志的刊布很快引起多位学者的研究，短短一年左右就发表了三篇论文{2}。关于康太和其人，在该墓志刊布前已为学界关注，这是因为敦煌文献P.3885抄有一篇《前大斗军使将军康太和书与吐蕃赞普赤德祖赞》，是开元末康太和写给吐蕃赞普赤德祖赞（khri-lde-gtsug-brtsan）的书信，极为珍贵，有不少学者对之进行录文或探讨{3}。……