内蒙藏西夏文《功德宝集偈》残叶考
2021-09-12李晓明陈广恩
李晓明 陈广恩



内容摘要:《中国藏西夏文献》刊布一件原定名《西夏文写本·佛经残页》的文书。经释录解读,可知该残叶原书乃刻本而非写本,属《圣胜慧到彼岸功德宝集偈》第十二品的一部分,而残叶的定名和配补均值得进一步推敲。残叶题记中有“大朝皇帝”尊号,“大朝”当指大蒙古国,由此揭示的信息,对研究《功德宝集偈》的版本流传、黑水城文献中西夏文文书断代等问题,均有相应的价值。
关键词:《功德宝集偈》;西夏文;大朝;断代
中图分类号:G256.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2021)03-0126-08
Abstract:In Tangut Documents from China there is a fragmental manuscript that was originally identified as Tangut Manuscripts: Fragmental Pieces of Buddhist Scripture. Detailed research and analysis indicates that this manuscript was engraved rather than handwritten and that it is part of the twelfth chapter of Saint Shenghui Reaches the Opposite Shore: Collection of Buddhist Hymns on Merit and Virtue. The honorific title “Emperor of the Great Dynasty” appears in the preface, the “Great Dynasty” referred to likely being Greater Mongolia. This information is significant for research on the particular version of the Collection of Buddhist Hymns on Merit and Virtue that was being circulated and for datingthe Tangut documents collected in the Khara-Khoto documents.
Keywords:Collection of Buddhist Hymns on Merit and Virtue; Tangut script; Great Dynasty; manuscript dating
上世紀初在黑水城(今内蒙古自治区额济纳旗)、绿城(额济纳旗)以及此后敦煌莫高窟、武威天梯山、小西沟岘、亥母洞等地出土的西夏文佛经《圣胜慧到彼岸功德宝集偈》(以下简称《功德宝集偈》),是西夏时期非常盛行的一部藏传佛教文献。对于该经的版本来源与语言对勘,学界曾多有研究[1-8]。
近期,我们注意到《中国藏西夏文献》中还收录一件黑水城出土的《功德宝集偈》残叶,至今尚未引起学界关注。经初步研究,《中国藏西夏文献》对该残叶的定名及缀合值得进一步推敲,且该残叶对重新考察《功德宝集偈》的版本流传以及黑水城文献中西夏文文书的断代等问题,均具相应的价值和意义。现不揣寡陋,试对其做释录解读,以求教于方家。
一
此西夏文佛经残叶,系1983年和1984年内蒙古文物考古所对黑水城首次大规模考古发掘所获,现藏于内蒙古文物考古所,刊布于《中国藏西夏文献》第17册,编号M21·218[原入藏编号F13:W70a](图1)[9]。……
