内容摘要：《佛顶心观音经》是唐中期以后出现的疑伪经，共三卷，每卷内容独立，名称不同，主要宣扬观世音菩萨救苦救难的诸多功德和灵验故事。其不同版本在敦煌、黑水城、应县木塔和房山石经等皆有保存。随着《英藏黑水城文献》的刊布，学者陆续整理出20多个编号的西夏文《佛顶心观音经》残叶。本文对英藏西夏文《佛顶心观音经》某些残叶进行定名补正和缀合，《佛顶心观音经》的内容模式主要借鉴了唐智通、伽梵达摩、菩提流志等译观音经典。晚唐、五代以后，此经广泛流行于北方地区，传入西夏后，在仁孝天盛十七年（1165）之前被僧人法律翻译成西夏文，汉、夏文本在境内都有传播。

关键词：黑水城;西夏文;《佛顶心观音经》

中图分类号：G256.1  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2021）03-0114-12

Abstract：The Fodingxin Guanyin Sutra is an apocryphal Chinese Buddhist sutra that appeared after the middle of the Tang dynasty. The manuscript consists of three volumes each with separate titles and varying content， though the primary intention of the text is to propagate Avalokitesvara Bodhisattvas merits through the doctrine of salvation and moral stories. Different versions of this sutra have been found in Dunhuang， in Khara-Khoto， in the cellar of a wooden pagoda in Ying County and among the stones engraved with the Tripitaka at Fangshan. With the publication of the Collection of Khara-Khoto Documents in Britain， more than 20 fragmental documents in Tangut script have been found to be part of the Fodingxin Guanyin Sutra. This paper corrects the titles of some of the fragments and re-collates the pages of the text. The model of textual organization that was used to organize the content of the sutra can be identified as having been borrowed from the sutras on Avalokitesvara written by Zhi Tong， Ghavan Dharma and Bodhiruci in the Tang dynasty. This sutra spread widely throughout north China during the Later Tang and Five Dynasties periods. After having been introduced into the Tangut Empire（or Western Xia）， it was translated into Tangut script by the monk Fa Lü sometime prior to the 17th year of the Tiansheng era（1165 CE）. Both Tangut and Chinese versions were popular in the Tangut Empire.

Keywords：Collection of Khara-Khoto Documents in Britain; Tangut script; Fodingxin Guanyin Sutra

（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

《佛顶心观世音菩萨大陀罗尼经》（简称《佛顶心观音经》）分上、中、下三卷，每卷内容独立，名称不同。此经在敦煌{1}、黑水城{2}、山西应县木塔{3}和房山石经{4}中皆有保存，有不同文本，各文本的经名、内容也有所差异。郑阿财的《〈佛顶心大陀罗尼〉在汉字文化圈的传布》[1]和《敦煌写本〈佛顶心观世音菩萨救难神验经〉研究》[2]对敦煌遗存写本进行介绍和版本梳理。李翎、马德对敦煌《救产难陀罗尼经》也进行考证，认为是民间观音信仰的重要内容[3]。黑水城文献中汉、夏本都有保存，俄藏黑水城西夏文《佛顶心观音经》最早收录在《西夏文写本与刊本》中，有十余个编号{5}。之后，克恰诺夫將其收录在《俄藏黑水城西夏文佛经文献叙录》中，二者编号有所不同{6}。……