罗华庆 王进玉

内容摘要：1943年3月27日，由民国政府教育部批准建立的国立敦煌艺术研究所筹备委员会工作人员到达莫高窟，在中寺院内挂牌工作。由此开始，常书鸿带领同仁在极其艰难的条件下，披荆斩棘，筚路蓝缕，开始了敦煌石窟文物的保护管理和壁画临摹等研究工作。为了有效地保护、管理石窟文物和窟区安全，他先后主持制定了《敦煌千佛洞安西万佛峡保管办法》《拓印千佛洞碑碣管理办法》《千佛洞游览规约》《国立敦煌艺术研究所洞窟参观须知》等多项保护、管理规约，并获得教育部等部门的批准。这些规定不仅成为敦煌艺术研究所从事保护、管理、研究工作的行为规范，也为新中国成立后国家制定石窟遗址管理和文物保护法规开创了先例。

关键词：国立敦煌艺术研究所;莫高窟;保护管理;规约

中图分类号：G256.22;K870.6  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2021）03-0139-11

Abstract：On March 27， 1943， members of the Dunhuang Art Research Institute Preparatory Committee that was establishedby the Ministry of Education of the government of the Republic of China arrived at Mogao and began their work in the Middle Temple. Since their arrival， and under extremely harsh conditions， teams of ministry workers led by Chang Shuhong carried out various tasks such as conservation and management of the caves and mural copying. In order to effectively protect， manage and safeguard the relics contained in the caves， Chang Shuhong presided over the formulation of many regulations for cave site management and conservation that produced various guidelines and rules， including： Regulations for the Management of the Thousand-Buddha Caves in Dunhuang and the Ten-Thousand Buddha Gorges in Anxi， Regulations for Making Rubbings of the Steles of the Thousand-Buddha Caves， Regulations for Visiting the Thousand Buddha Caves， and Notices from the National Dunhuang Art Research Institute Regarding Cave Tours. All of these guidelines were approved by the Ministry of Education and other government departments. These regulations not only provided practicable standards the institute could refer to when carrying out conservation， management and research work， but also set an example for the formulation of laws and regulations about the management and protection of cave sites and cultural relics that was used until the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.

Keywords：National Dunhuang Art Research Institute; Mogao Grottoes; conservation and management; laws and regulations

（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

隨着近十余年来海峡两岸民国史料的陆续开放，特别是台湾的车守同，利用台湾保存的各种民国档案资料，潜心研究，并以《国立敦煌艺术研究所的时代背景与史事日志》完成了博士论文[1]，并将主要档案及其他资料以日志形式，作为博士论文的“附件二（另册）”出版[2]，为敦煌研究院的院史研究提供了丰富的材料。与此同时，王进玉、王喆对与敦煌文物密切相关的民国时期西北科学考察团、西北史地考察团、教育部西北艺术文物考察团等史事的研究，也为敦煌学术史的研究增加了新资料[3]。根据当时的各种档案、文献资料，可以对敦煌研究院发展史中的一些重大事件进行综合研究，客观揭示这些事件的历史原貌。……