房培渊 陈英侠 张有成

摘要 为构建新形势下河南省夏玉米高产高效轻简化施肥技术体系，积极践行“藏粮于技、藏粮于地”国家粮食安全战略，自2015年以来，连续多年与河南省玉米技术体系专家团队合作，在邓州市砂姜黑土土壤类型上，开展夏玉米不同种类（有机无机配合、生物与无机配合）、不同配比（不同类型氮肥配比）测土、配方、种肥同播试验、示范。通过试验、示范发现，在玉米基础配方不变的基础上，掺入一定比例的包膜氮肥，肥料利用率和产量均有一定程度的提高。在玉米基础配方中掺入一定比例的包膜氮肥，适当降低总氮量，对玉米产量不会有影响。无机配方肥与有机肥/生物有机肥适当搭配，不仅当季可延长玉米后熟时间，明显提高玉米产量，而且后效作用也十分显著。包膜氮肥引入配方肥生产中，不仅可以起到减肥增效的作用，而且还可以明显简化劳动环节，降低劳动强度，节约生产成本。

关键词 夏玉米;高产高效;轻简化;集成施肥

中图分类号 S513 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0151-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.040

Abstract To build an effective simplified integrated fertilization technology system for higher production of summer corn in Henan Province. Since 2015， this research team （the writer） has closely worked with corn plantation technology experts in Henan Province， and conducted a wide range of experiments and demonstrations on summer corn plantation in lime concrete black soil in Dengzhou， based on different breed of summer corns （organic and inorganic， biological and inorganic）， different testing soil with different nitrogenous fertilizer formulas. Those experiments and demonstrations revealed the following findings： first， based on the same basic formula of corn， a certain proportion of coated nitrogen fertilizer addition could both improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield to a certain extent. Second， adding a certain proportion of coated nitrogen fertilizer to the basic formula of corn， and appropriately reducing the total nitrogen amount， had not effect on the yield of corn. Third， a proper collocation of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers or biological fertilizers not only could extend the after-ripening time of corn and increase the yield greatly， but also had a significant after-effect. Fourth， the injection of coated nitrogen fertilizer into formula fertilizer would not only improve the utilization effect， but also significantly simplify working procedures， reduce labor intensity and save production costs.

Key words Summer corn;High yield and high efficiency;Simplification;Integrated fertilization technology

鄧州市位于111°37′40″～112°20′26″E、32°22′22″～32°59′N，南阳盆地西南部，地处北暖温带向北亚热带过渡地带，属于北亚热带大陆型半湿润气候，适宜多种作物种植。常年种植小麦、玉米、花生、大豆、高粱、蔬菜、果树等多种作物，主要种植模式有小麦-玉米、小麦-花生、小麦-大豆等。现有耕地16.893万hm2，是河南省耕地面积最大的县级市。土壤类型有砂姜黑土、黄褐土、潮土3类。其中，砂姜黑土土类占全市耕地面积的49%以上，该类土壤容重大，质地黏重，耕层较浅，适耕期短[1]。……