李明潞 吴永旺 胡月 赖永辉 刘文诗 乐佳琪 王迅 王均

摘要 以南高丛蓝莓品种奥尼尔和珠宝为试材，研究了钾肥叶面肥的施用浓度（硫酸钾0.2%、0.4%、0.6%）和施用次数（果实膨大期喷施一次，果实膨大期和转色期共喷施2次）对蓝莓果实品质的影响。结果表明，所有钾肥喷施处理均能促进蓝莓果实的横纵径、单果重提高。在果实膨大期和转色期喷施2次钾肥0.4%时，奥尼尔的可溶性糖、VC含量达到最大，可溶性固形物、花青素含量均高于对照;在果实膨大期和转色期喷施2次钾肥0.6%时，珠宝的可溶性糖、VC和花青素含量达到最高，可溶性固形物含量高于对照组。该研究旨在寻找最适宜于南高丛蓝莓果实品种提升的叶面钾肥施用方案。

关键词 蓝莓;钾肥;叶面喷施;果实品质

中图分类号 S663.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0148-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.039

Abstract Southern highbush blueberry cultivars O Neal and Jewelry were used in this research. We analyzed effect of potassium foliar fertilizer with different concentrations （potassium sulphate in 0.2%， 0.4% and 0.6%） and different spraying times （during fruit expanding for one time， or during fruit expanding and color transiting totally for twice） on blueberry fruit quality. The results showed that all applications of foliar potassium fertilizer could increase the horizontal diameter， vertical diameter， and single fruit weight of blueberry fruits. The treatment on O Neal applying potassium sulphate 0.4% for twice could improve the soluble sugar content and VC content to reach the peak values， and the contents of soluble solids and anthocyanins were also higher than the control treatment significantly. The treatment on Jewelry applying potassium sulphate 0.6% for twice could improve the soluble sugar content， VC content， and anthocyanin content to be the maximum， and the total soluble solid was better than the control treatment significantly as well. This research is expected to screen out a suitable best application of potassium foliar fertilizer to improve the fruits quality of southern highbush blueberries.

Key words Blueberry;Potash;Foliar spray;Fruit quality

藍莓为杜鹃花科（Ericaceace）越橘属（Vaccinium）灌木小浆果果树，又名越橘、蓝浆果[1]。蓝莓果实富含生物活性物质，有益于人体健康，被誉为“黄金浆果”[2]。蓝莓产业具有较高经济效益，近年来种植面积迅速扩大[3]，但配套栽培管理技术相对滞后。

精准肥水管理是果树栽培管理技术体系中的重要环节。在植物必需大量元素中，钾元素是果树生长发育、开花结果过程中的必需营养元素之一，它与代谢进程密切相关，在糖和淀粉的合成、运输和转化过程中扮演重要角色[4]。在果实品质形成过程中，钾元素可以促进蛋白质的形成，稳定蛋白质的结构，同时促进果实的增大与着色，增加光合产物的积累[5]。……