高青青 方玉川 汪奎 吕军 王小英 陈占飞 张艳艳

摘要 以“冀张薯8号”脱毒原种为材料，设置14个不同氮磷钾配比，3年连续试验，研究了氮磷钾配施对马铃薯农艺性状、产量及干物质含量的影响，旨在获得榆林风沙草滩地区马铃薯最佳的氮磷钾配比。结果表明，氮磷钾最佳配比为N2P2K2，平均产量为38 742.99 kg/hm2，位居第一，较对照N0P0K0提高44.25%，其次为N2P2K3，与对照N0P0K0均差异显著;马铃薯单株块茎数、单株块茎重和商品薯率均在N2P2K3处理下位居第一，但与对照N0P0K0差异不显著，说明合理增施钾肥可以提高马铃薯块茎性状;在磷钾合理用量（P2K2）的情况下，随着氮肥用量的增加，马铃薯株高呈逐渐增加的趋势，产量和干物质含量呈先增后减的趋势。因此，榆林风沙草滩地区马铃薯最佳的氮磷钾配比为纯N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5 90 kg/hm2、K2O 112.5 kg/hm2，适宜在生產中推广使用。

关键词 马铃薯;氮磷钾;农艺性状;产量;干物质

中图分类号 S532 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0144-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.038

Abstract In this study， we used potato ‘Jizhangshu 8 virus-free seedling to analyze the optimum ratio about NPK， set 14 different ratios to research the agronomic characters， yield and dry matters content for 3 years. The results indicated that the optimum ratio was N2P2K2 in all treatment and the average yield as high as 38 742.99 kg/hm2 comparing with control which enhancing 44.25%， the second was N2P2K3;it had little influence about potato tuber number per plant， tuber weight per plant and commercial potato percentage comparing with control， but the treatment N2P2K3 was the best， it showed that reasonable application of potassium fertilizer could improve tuber characters of potato;interestly， with the increase of nitrogen， the plant height increased， the yield and the dry matter increased and then declined. Therefore， the optimal NPK application schemes were pure N 150 kg/hm2，P2O5 90 kg/hm2 and K2O 112.5 kg/hm2， which were suitable for popularization in production.

Key words Potato;NPK;Agronomic characters;Yield;Dry matter

马铃薯适宜在我国各个生态区域种植，在满足水肥供应时，亩产可达万斤[1-2]。榆林地处黄土高原与毛乌素沙地过渡地带，因气候冷凉和土壤含钾丰富盛产马铃薯，是当地脱贫增收、发展经济的主要支柱产业[3-4]。氮、磷、钾是作物生长发育过程中必需元素，马铃薯对钾肥需求最多，氮肥次之，磷肥最少。在马铃薯生长期间，合理施用氮、磷、钾可以有效提高马铃薯产量[5-9]。

马铃薯作为榆林市主要种植作物，生产中存在施肥不合理现象，导致马铃薯增产潜力得不到充分发挥。为了能够提高当地马铃……