李石恒 王毅 卜令豪

摘要 [目的]揭示内蒙古寒旱区氮磷钾元素缺乏对小白菜生长发育的影响。[方法]利用无土基质栽培，测定完全营养液及缺氮、缺磷、缺钾营养液处理下小白菜叶片数、叶长、叶宽、鲜重、干重、叶面积、根长、根冠比等形态指标。[结果]缺氮、缺磷、缺钾元素抑制小白菜叶片数、叶长、叶宽、鲜重、干重、叶面积的增加，缺磷抑制小白菜根长、根冠比的增加。叶片数：CK>缺磷=缺钾>缺氮，叶长：CK>缺钾>缺氮=缺磷，叶宽：CK>缺钾>缺磷>缺氮，叶面积：CK>钾>氮>磷，鲜重：CK>缺磷=缺钾>缺氮，干重：CK>缺钾>缺磷>缺氮。[结论]氮磷钾元素能够促进小白菜的生长发育，提高了小白菜的根长、叶长、叶宽、叶面积、重量等，小白菜对氮磷钾元素的敏感性强，敏感程度为氮>磷>钾。

关键词 氮磷钾肥;小白菜;营养液;基质栽培

中图分类号 S634.3 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0136-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.036

Abstract [Objective]To reveal the effect of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium deficiency on the growth and development of pakchoi.[Method]The leaf number，leaf length，leaf width，fresh weight，dry weight，leaf area，root length and root-to-crown ratio of pakchoi treated with complete nutrient solution and nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium deficient nutrient solution were measured.[Result]Nitrogen deficiency，phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency inhibited the increase of leaf number，leaf length，leaf width，fresh weight，dry weight and leaf area，while phosphorus deficiency inhibited the increase of root length and root-crown ratio.Leaf number： CK> phosphorus deficiency = potassium deficiency > nitrogen deficiency，leaf length： CK> potassium deficiency > nitrogen deficiency，leaf width： CK> potassium deficiency，phosphorus deficiency，leaf area： CK> potassium，nitrogen > phosphorus，fresh weight： CK> phosphorus deficiency，dry weight： CK> potassium deficiency > phosphorus deficiency.[Conclusion] Nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium could promote the growth and development of pakchoi，and increase the root length，leaf length，leaf width，leaf area and weight of pakchoi.The sensitivity of pakchoi to nitrogen，phosphorus， potassium was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium.

Key words Nitrogen，Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;Cabbage;Nutrient solution;Substrate cultivation

內蒙古地区属内陆高原气候，降水稀少，水资源短缺，且全年温度较低，致使作物生长需要一定的环境条件，改进内蒙古地区小白菜栽培及生长模式结合施肥管理，提高小白菜产量。随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对健康的追求更加重视。小白菜作为一种营养丰富的叶类绿色蔬菜，逐渐成为人们饮食的重要选择[1]。氮磷钾是肥料三要素，是苗木生长不可缺少的3种主要营养元素，如果营养不足会严重降低苗木质量与合格苗产量，抑制农作物生长发育，严重时会使作物出现症状。如植株矮小，易倒伏，易感病，叶片呈黑褐色等[2-4]。氮素营养条件对作物生长发育有显著影响，尤其是对叶片发育的影响最大，缺氮后叶片细小直立，与茎的夹角小，叶色淡绿，严重时呈淡黄色。同时氮素还对作物的根系有影响，缺氮作物的根系最初比正常的色……