熊利权 杨德军 徐玉梅 钟萍 邱琼 陈绍安 张快富 陈勇

摘要 以引进的特色经济林品种嘉宝果、巴西樱桃、长果樱桃、针叶樱桃为试材，通过对树体生长量、物候期、开花结实特性、果实品质等进行调查和测定，研究其在云南热区的引种表现。结果表明：供试的4个特色经济林品种均能在云南热区正常萌芽、抽梢、开花、结实，并表现出明显的树种差异;树体能正常生长，树高、冠幅均呈正向增长趋势。4个品种的果形规整，果面光滑，果实颜色艳丽，外观品质较好;果实大小各不相同，单果质量存在差异，种子变异较大，可食率均为80%以上;果实品质各具特色，富含多种营养成分，整体果实品质较好。通过引种驯化表明，嘉宝果、巴西樱桃、长果樱桃、针叶樱桃4个特色经济林品种在云南热区表现良好，能正常生长结实并充分表现出各自的品种特性，适宜在云南热区推广和进一步的开发利用。

关键词 云南热区;经济林;引种;树体生长;果实品质

中图分类号 S727.3 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0107-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.029

Abstract Taking Plinia cauliflora （Mart.） Kause， Eugenia brasiliensis，Eugenia aggregate and Malpighia glabra L.as experimental materials，through the observation of tree growth，phenological period，flowering and fruiting characteristics，fruit quality and so on，the performance of several introduced characteristic economic forest species in the hot areas of Yunnan was analyzed.The results showed that all the four characteristic economic forest tree species tested could sprout，shoot，blossom and bear fruit normally in the hot areas of Yunnan，and showed obvious differences in tree species; the tree grew normally，and the tree height and crown width showed a positive growth trend; the size of the fruit was different，there were differences in the quality of single fruit，the seed variation was large，and the edible rate was more than 80%; the fruit quality has its own characteristics，rich in a variety of nutrients，and the overall fruit quality was better.The introduction and domestication showed that the four characteristic economic forest species of Plinia cauliflora （Mart.） Kause， Eugenia brasiliensis，Eugenia aggregate and Malpighia glabra L.performed well in the hot areas of Yunnan，they can grow and bear fruit normally，and fully show their own variety characteristics，so it is suitable for popularization，further development and utilization in the hot areas of Yunnan.

Abstract Yunnan hot area;Economic forest;Introduction;Tree growth;Fruit quality

云南熱区水热条件优越，多以山地地貌为主，自然地理环境复杂，生物多样性富集[1-2]。近年来，云南热区有大面积的林地退化，开展植被恢复工作势在必行[3-4]。传统的用材林造林经营周期长、经济效益不明显，很难带动老百姓的积极性，收益甚微。发展热区经济林可以改善当地长期以来存在的造林树种单一、树种结构不合理等问题，丰富造林树种，增加林地面积，提高林农收入，这对云南热区退化林地的恢复与重建将会产生积极的生态效益。……