周其椿 赵振新 李建光 张显波 赵飞

摘要 测定了2种不同规格青海湖裸鲤形体特征和肌肉营养成分指标。结果表明：不同规格青海湖裸鲤各形体指标均存在显著差异，其中大规格鱼体长和肌肉占比显著高于小规格鱼，而大规格鱼的肥满度显著低于小规格鱼。大规格鱼体肌肉水分含量显著高于小规格鱼，粗蛋白含量、总氨基酸和总脂肪酸含量均显著低于小规格鱼。此外，不同规格青海湖裸鲤粗脂肪与粗灰分的含量均无显著差异。综上所述，随着体格的不断增长，青海湖裸鲤的出肉率呈上升趋势，但其营养价值却有所降低，其原因有待进一步研究。

关键词 青海湖裸鲤;形体特征;肌肉营养成分

中图分类号 S917.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0100-02

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.027

Abstract The body characteristics and muscle nutritional components of two different specifications of Gymnocypris przewalskii were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in body characteristics indices among different specifications of G. przewalskii， the body length and muscle proportion of large size fish were significantly higher than those of small size fish， while the fatness of large size fish was significantly lower than that of small size fish. The muscle moisture content of large size fish was significantly higher than that of small size fish， but the content of crude protein，total amino acids and total fatty acids were significantly lower than those of small size fish. In addition， there was no significant difference in the content of crude fat and ash between different specifications of G. przewalskii. In sum， with the increasing of the specification， the meat yield of G. przewalskii showed an upward trend， but the nutritional value decreased. The reasons needed to be further studied.

Key words Gymnocyprinus przewalskii;Body characteristics;Muscle nutritional components

青海湖裸鲤（Gymnocypris przewalskii）隶属鲤形目鲤科，俗称花鱼，又名湟鱼、无鳞鱼、狗鱼等，为高原裂腹鱼冷水鱼类，仅分布于青海湖及其支流，如扎陵湖、克鲁克湖、鄂陵湖[1]。作为青海湖形成与演变过程中形成的特有土著硬骨鱼类，在青海湖的生态系统中处于核心地位，也是青海湖唯一的经济鱼类[2]。青海湖裸鲤肉质鲜美、营养价值丰富，深受当地人的喜爱。贵州省水资源丰富、水质良好，大部分地区全年水温为11～25 ℃，是发展冷水鱼类养殖业的绝佳之地[3]。2017年贵州省农业科学院水产研究所对青海湖裸鲤进行引种驯化，目前已经完成了该种鱼在贵州现有养殖模式和水文条件下引种、遗传及养殖技术等内容的研究，但对不同规格青海湖裸鲤形体特征和营养成分的比较尚未见报道。……