叶萌 丁子聪 邓紫薇 胡贝 庄方舟 柯榆杰 宋慧婷

摘要 为了解湖北省秸秆综合利用情况，通过线上问卷和线下走访两种方式，对湖北省部分地区秸秆种类、数量和综合利用展开调查。湖北省农作物以水稻为主，占农作物种植总量的60.39%，其次是小麦、玉米和油菜。2019年湖北省秸秆资源量初步预测为4 613万t，水稻是秸秆的主要来源，占秸秆资源总量的53.47%。湖北省秸秆处置方式中，还田占比40.61%，焚烧占比25.10%，饲料化占比30.84%，燃料化占比3.45%，现阶段秸秆首选处置方式为还田。分析调查问卷发现，现阶段存在着农户对秸秆资源化利用认识欠缺、对环境问题的认识不足以及技术设备不够充分等问题，结合调查结果针对问题提出相关建议。

关键词 秸秆资源;综合利用;市场前景

中图分类号 S38 文獻标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0078-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.021

Abstract In order to find out the comprehensive utilization of straw in Hubei Province， we investigated the types， quantities and utilization way of straw in some regions of Hubei Province through online questionnaire and offline visit. Rice was the main crop in Hubei Province， accounting for 60.39 percent of the total crop planted， followed by wheat， maize and rape. The preliminary forecast of straw resources was up to 46.13 million tons in Hubei Province in 2019. Rice is the main source of straw， accounting for 53.47 percent of the total straw resources. Among the disposal methods in Hubei Province， 40.61 percent of the total straw was returned to the field， 25.10% was burned， 30.84% was used as fodder and 3.45% as fuel. After analysis of the questionnaire， we found that at present there were such difficulties for farmers as lack of straw utilization way， lack of environmental issues and inadequate equipment. We put forward related suggestions combined with the investigation.

Key words Straw resource;Comprehensive utilization;Market outlook

农作物秸秆是粮食、油料、棉花等农作物的副产品，具有产量高、分布广、品种丰富等特点[1-2]，富含氮、磷、钾等微量元素和有机质，是重要的有机肥资源[3]。长期以来，秸秆作为中国农村地区主要的燃料和饲料，造成大量的秸秆资源浪费。随着农业生产水平提高以及国家发展循环农业、推动生态优先等政策和环保宣传，秸秆利用方式和途径逐渐发生变化，通过秸秆处理和资源化利用推进农业绿色发展[4-5]。

秸秆在国外资源化利用非常普遍[6]。在轻工业发达的日本，农户将秸秆铺垫到牛棚中作为取暖材料，隔段时间收集混着牛粪的秸秆发酵为田间有机肥料[7]。丹麦通过高价收购，投资，配额和财税扶持等政策推进秸秆发电项目[8]。……