陈芬 陈莎莎 万里平 王乐 陈柳萌

摘要 为研究沼液施用对土壤和农产品重金属累积的影响，以水稻和皇竹草为供试材料，在江西省不同地区设计试验，分析沼液施用对土壤和农产品中重金属的影响。结果表明，Hg未被检出，Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb和As均被检出，其中Zn、Cu含量最高，且均未超出NY/T 2596—2014中相应的限量值。土壤和农产品重金属结果表明，水稻种植土壤中，Hg潜在风险最高，其次是Cd、As、Cu、Zn，而Cr、Pb的潜在风险最低;需监测沼液长期施用对土壤中Cd、As、Cu、Zn的累积情况;皇竹草种植土壤中，Pb和Zn的潜在风险较高，其次是As和Cd，而Hg、Cr和Cu的潜在风险较低;沼液中Zn含量较高，需监测沼液长期施用对土壤中Zn的影响;对于糙米和皇竹草，Hg未被检出，Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb和As均被检出，其中Zn含量最高分别为17.844～23.073和9.665～35.913 mg/kg;其次是Cu分别是2.638～3.323和2.816～9.392 mg/kg;Cr、As、Pb和Cd的含量相对偏低;皇竹草中重金属受沼液施用的影响，且与土壤重金属含量存在正相关性。

关键词 沼液;重金属;土壤;水稻;皇竹草

中图分类号 X53 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0069-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.019

Abstract To study the impacts of biogas slurry application on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and crops， experiments were designed in Jiangxi Province with rice and Pennisetum sinese， and the effects of biogas slurry on heavy metal content of soil and crops was analyzed. Hg was not detected， and Zn， Cu， Cd， Cr， Pb and As were detected in biogas， none of them exceeded the limit value of heavy metals in NY/T 2596-2014. The results of heavy metals in soil and agricultural products showed that in soil of the rice planting area， Hg had the highest potential risk， followed by Cd， As， Cu， Zn， and Cr and Pb had the lowest potential risk. Hg in the biogas slurry was not detected， therefore the application of biogas slurry had no effect on the accumulation of Hg in the soil;but should monitor the accumulation of Cd， As， Cu， and Zn in the soil;in soil of Pennisetum sinese planting area， the potential risks of Pb and Zn were highest， followed by As and Cd， while the potential risks of Hg， Cr and Cu were lowest;the content of Zn in G-BS was highest， requiring pay attention to the effect of long-term application of biogas slurry on Zn in soil;in rice and Pennisetum sinese， Hg was not detected， Zn， Cu， Cd， Cr， Pb and As was detected， and the highest content was Zn （17.844-23.073 and 9.665-35.913 mg/kg respectively）;followed by Cu （2.638-3.323 and 2.816-9.392 mg/kg respectively）;the content of Cr， As， Pb and Cd was lowest;heavy metals were affected by the biogas slurry， and there was a positive correlation with soil heavy metal content.

Key words Biogas slurry;Heavy metal;Soil;Rice;Pennisetum sinese

江西作為我国重要的畜禽生产基地和主要供港生猪产地，其畜牧业产值约为农业总量的25%，生猪养殖占比最重，牛、羊、禽次之。据统计，每年粪污排放总量约1.27亿t，其中生猪粪污占比65%，约0.83亿t，粪污治理形势严峻。自2016年以来，随着我国畜禽粪污治理整县推进政策的不断深入，以大型沼气工程为核心的畜禽粪污第三方集中治理模式日趋广泛。而我国大型沼气工程多采用CSTR工艺，其发酵原料的进料浓度（total solid，TS）为6%左右，为此，后续沼液的规模化处置和资源化利用正逐渐成为畜禽养殖粪污第三方集中处理的关键。……