徐仕琴 栾文杰 张永福 莫丽玲 杨砚斌 徐金会

摘要 为探讨农用酵素处理对提高葡萄耐铝性的作用及相关机制，以2个砧木品种“贝达”和“通化-3”葡萄为材料，采用管道无土栽培的方法研究铝胁迫下农用酵素对葡萄膜脂过氧化产物及耐铝毒相关基因表达的影响。结果表明，农用酵素处理后，葡萄的SOD活性与POD活性、氧自由基产生速率以及MATE相对表达量低于胁迫处理前1 d;H2O2含量、丙二醛含量以及STOP1相对表达量低于铝胁迫处理14 d，根系活力高于铝胁迫处理14 d。农用酵素处理后葡萄膜脂过氧化系统的受害程度和耐铝毒相关基因表达量均下降，可见农用酵素在缓解铝毒对葡萄的伤害方面起着重要作用，能够有效提高葡萄的耐铝性。

关键词 农用酵素;葡萄;铝胁迫;膜脂过氧化系統;耐铝毒基因;表达量

中图分类号 S663.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0015-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.004

Abstract In order to explore the effect of agricultural enzyme treatment on improving aluminum tolerance of grape and its related mechanism， two rootstock varieties ‘Beta and ‘Tonghua-3 grape were used as materials，the effects of agricultural enzymes on the expression of membrane lipid peroxidation products and aluminum tolerance related genes in grape under aluminum stress were studied by means of pipe soilless cultivation. The results showed that the activity of SOD and POD， the production rate of oxygen free radicals and the relative expression of MATE in grape after agricultural enzyme treatment were lower than those one day before stress treatment， the contents of hydrogen peroxide， malondialdehyde and the relative expression of STOP1 were lower than those of aluminum stress for 14 days，the root activity was higher than that of aluminum stress for 14 days. The damage degree of grape membrane lipid peroxidation system and the expression of genes related to aluminum tolerance decreased after agricultural enzyme treatment， which showed that agricultural enzyme played an important role in alleviating the damage of aluminum toxicity to grapes and could effectively improve the aluminum tolerance of grapes.

Key words Agricultural enzyme;Grape;Aluminum stress;Membrane lipid peroxidation system;Aluminum tolerance gene;Expression quantity

在土壤呈非酸性时，植物不会因为铝产生毒害现象，但当土壤呈酸性时，大量铝溶于土壤溶液而形成对植物具有毒害作用的Al3+，植物根系的发育被抑制，从而影响根系吸收水分和养分[1]，因此在酸性土壤中，制约植物产量最关键的是铝毒[2]。葡萄（Vitis spp.）原产中亚，其营养价值高，具有抗癌、抗衰老等作用[3]。我国南方酸性土壤上种植的葡萄极易受铝毒害，葡萄生长危害严重，其超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与过氧化物酶（POD）活性加强，根系活力降低等，使其浆果产量和品种大幅度下降[4]。

泰国的Rosukun利用有机固体废物发酵获得了一种溶液形式的产品，称为酵素（enzyme）[5]。……