李军波 王波

文章编号：1673-9973（2021）03-0077-06

摘 要：社会企业是以企业形式实现社会公益目标的组织，旨在弥补政府公益提供之不足及克服传统慈善机构与营利性机构完成公益任务之弊端。社会企业与市域社会治理之间存在诸多契合点，是参与市域社会治理的优质主体。陕西省现行的市域社会治理政策虽然为社会企业留有参与空间，但存在内容抽象、涵括不周、法制化程度不高等问题，既有的相关实践也因为立法的欠缺而存在诸多问题，为此应当制定《陕西省社会企业条例》，构建社会企业参与市域社会治理的促进保障机制。

关键词：社会企业;市域社会治理;法制化

中图分类号：C916    文献标识码：A    DOI：10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2021.03.015

Research on Social Enterprise Participating in Urban Social Governance

——Take Shaanxi as an Example

LI Jun-bo 1， WANG Bo 2

（1.Economic Law School， Northwest University of Politics & Law， Xi'an 710061， China; 2.Law School， Xi'an University of Finance & Economics， Xi'an 710063， China）

Abstract：A social enterprise is an organization that achieves the goal of social welfare in the form of an enterprise， aiming to make up for the shortcomings of the government's public welfare provision and overcome the shortcomings of traditional charitable organizations and for-profit organizations in accomplishing public welfare tasks. There are many coincidence points between social enterprises and municipal social governance， which are the high-quality subjects to participate in urban social governance. Although the existing municipal social governance policy in Shaanxi Province leaves space for social enterprises to participate， yet they have problems such as abstract content， incomplete coverage， and low level of legalization. Existing related practices also have many problems due to the lack of legislation. Therefore， the “Regulations on Social Enterprises of Shaanxi Province” should be formulated to construct a promotion and guarantee mechanism for social enterprises to participate in municipal social governance.

Key words：social enterprise; urban social governance; legalization

一、社會企业与市域社会治理

（一）社会企业的内涵及其功能存续领域

一般认为，“社会企业”是介于“营利”与“非营利”组织之间的一种企业类型，是“一个用商业方法实现社会目标的组织”^[1]。纵观社会企业发展史，社会企业是在政府与市场双重失灵的背景下得以发展的。现代社会一直面临一些政府解决乏力而社会又不愿解决的问题，典型的如弱势地区和群体的扶助、环境保护与生态恢复、教育医疗以及养老服务等。政府解决乏力主要源于公共财政资源的有限性。社会不愿解决则主要表现为两点：一是各类商事主体基于其营利性动机多不愿参与并无任何直接获益可能的前述各项问题的解决;二是慈善团体等传统的社会公益组织限于其获益途径和收入能力，无力全面、深入、全程参与前述各项问题的解决。……