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被动语态复习要点指南

2021-09-10李晓梦

初中生学习指导·中考版 2021年2期
关键词:执行者语态被动语态

李晓梦

英語有两种语态形式:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词发出动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词发出动作的承受者。这里主要讲一下被动语态的使用方法。

一、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

一般现在时的被动语态:am / is /are+动词的过去分词;

一般过去时的被动语态:was /were+动词的过去分词;

一般将来时的被动语态:will be+动词的过去分词;

现在进行时的被动语态:am / is /are+being+动词的过去分词;

现在完成时的被动语态:have / has+been+动词的过去分词。

二、被动语态的用法

1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:

This book was  published  in 1971.

2. 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。如:

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.

三、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。如:

This bike can be repaired in two days.

四、使用被动语态时的几个注意点

1. 感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如feel, look, seem, taste, sound等。如:

This song sounds good.

2. read, sell, wash, write, wear等作不及物动词时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

This book sells well.

3. 在主动语态中,hear,see等感官动词和make等使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中,动词不定式中的to不能省略。如:

They were made to do some housework.

4. 不及物动词没有被动语态。

练兵场

1. _________a new library_________in our school last year?

A. Is;built                  B. Was;built

C. Does;build                D. Did;build

2. English_________in Canada.

A. speaks                      B. are spoken

C. is speaking                  D. is spoken

3. This English song_________by the girls after class.

A. often sings                  B. often sang

C. is often sang              D. is often sung

4. An accident_________on this road last week.

A. has been happened            B. was happened

C. is happened                  D. happened

5. So far,the moon_________by man already.

A. is visited                  B. will be visited

C. has been visited            D. was visited

6. This kind of car_________in Japan.

A. makes                        B. made

C. is making                    D. is made

7. Our room must_________clean.

A. keep                        B. be kept

C. to be kept                  D. to keep

8. Doctors_________in every part of the world.

A. need                        B. are needing

C. are needed                  D. will need

9. Her new book_________next month.

A. will be published B. is publishing

C. is being published D. has been published

10. Why_________to talk about it yesterday?

A. didn’t a meeting hold B. wasn’t a meeting held

C. wasn’t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn’t held

答案:1—5 BDDDC 6—10 DBCAB

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