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早熟厚皮甜瓜海蜜10号的选育

2021-09-10包卫红陈雯倩陆瑾谢泽君张燕姚健雷

中国瓜菜 2021年8期

包卫红 陈雯倩 陆瑾 谢泽君 张燕 姚健雷

摘 要: 海蜜10号是以自交系H(Y9601-102-16)为母本、Q(Y0506-211-75)为父本杂交选育而成的早熟厚皮甜瓜新品种。该品种植株生长势中强,抗逆性强,抗病性较强,易坐果。早春大棚栽培全生育期105 d左右,果实发育期35 d左右,果实椭圆形,果皮底色浅绿,有稀网纹,单瓜质量1.7 kg,果肉浅橙色,果肉厚度4.1 cm,中心可溶性固形物质量分数16.0%,边部9.8%,肉质脆,口感好,耐贮运性强。667 m2产量2700 kg左右。适宜江苏省及其周围地区春季保护地栽培。2015年12月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定,2018年6月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

关键词: 厚皮甜瓜; 新品种; 海蜜10号; 早熟; 杂种1代

中图分类号: S652 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1673-2871(2021)08-088-04

Breeding of a new muskmelon cultivar Haimi No. 10 with early maturity

BAO Weihong1,CHEN Wenqian1,LU Jin1, XIE Zejun2, ZHANG Yan1,YAO Jianlei1

(1. Haimen Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226111,Jiangsu,China; 2. Jiangsu Haimen Secondary Specialized School,Nantong 226100,Jiangsu,China)

Abstract: Himi No. 10 is a new early-maturity muskmelon hybrid cultivar, which is developed by crossing H (Y9601-102-16) as female parent and Q(Y0506-211-75) as male parent. The plant grows moderate strongly with strong resistance to stress and strong resistance to disease, it has strong setting ability. The whole growth period is about 105 days, and the fruit development period is about 35 days in early spring greenhouse cultivation. The fruit is oval shaped with light green rind and sparse network. The average single fruit weight is 1.7 kg. The fruit flesh is light orange and the fruit thickness is 4.1 cm. The center soluble solid content is 16.0% and the edge soluble solid content is 9.8%. The flesh is crisp and tasty. It has good storage and transport resistance. The yield on 667 m2 is about 2700 kg. It is suitable for greenhouse cultivation in spring at Jiangsu Province and surrounding areas.

Key words: Muskmelon; New variety; Haimi No. 10; Early-maturity; F1 hybrid

1 育種目标

甜瓜又名香瓜,是葫芦科甜瓜属的一年生蔓性草本植物。甜瓜分为薄皮甜瓜和厚皮甜瓜两大生态类群(亚种)[1]。厚皮甜瓜因其产量高、贮运性好,20世纪90年代开始通过生态育种和设施栽培,实现了厚皮甜瓜的东移南进[2-3]。我国甜瓜产业发展迅速,面积、产量均位居全球第一。2018年我国甜瓜收获面积达35.45万hm2,占全球的33.85%[4-5]。我国甜瓜生产布局为华东、中南、西北主产区三足鼎立,而江苏是华东地区主产区之一[6]。江苏厚皮甜瓜栽培品种较多,但优质的主栽品种较少,目前生产上仍以玉菇、东方蜜1号为主[7-8]。为了丰富市场上早熟品种的需求,笔者所在育种团队将育种目标确定为:培育适于保护地栽培的早熟、抗病性好、肉质脆、丰产性好的厚皮甜瓜新品种。

2 选育过程

2.1 亲本选育

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