5种药剂拌种对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防治效果
2021-09-10李岩刘长仲
李岩 刘长仲



摘 要:为了防治马铃薯晚疫病,以庄薯3号为试验材料,研究5种药剂拌种处理对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果。结果表明,供试5种药剂拌种对马铃薯出苗期和生长期均无影响。5种药剂拌种对马铃薯晚疫病防治效果有显著差异,其中50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100 g·667 m-2和稀土旱地宝100 g·667 m-2拌种的防治效果较好,分别达到69.17%和60.34%;25%甲霜灵悬浮剂195 mL·667 m-2、枯草芽孢杆菌14 g·667 m-2和35%甲霜灵拌种剂120 g·667 m-2拌种的防治效果较差,分别为44.17%、34.12%和25.56%。从马铃薯产量测定结果看出,稀土旱地宝100 g·667 m-2拌种增产效果最佳,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100 g·667 m-2次之,分别较对照增产42.13%和26.61%。该试验结果可为马铃薯晚疫病的防治提供依据。
关键词:马铃薯;晚疫病;药剂拌种;病情指数;防治效果
中图分类号:S532+S482.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)08-084-04
Field evaluation of seed treatments of five fungicides to potato late blight
LI Yan, LIU Changzhong
(Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China)
Abstract: In order to control the potato late blight, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of five different mixing agents against potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) on potato (Zhuangshu 3). The results showed that the various seed treatments did not significantly affect the emergence and growth of the potato. The effects of seed mixing with 5 kinds of agents against potato late blight were significantly different. The 50% carbendazim wettability powder (100 g·667 m-2) and rare earth Handibao (100 g·667 m-2) showed the greatest control effect of 69.17% and 60.34% respectively, rare earth Handibao (100 g·667 m-2) and 50% carbendazim wettability powder (100 g·667 m-2) increased the potato yield by 42.13% and 26.61%, respectively, compared with the control. The control effect of 25% metalaxyl suspension concentrate (195 mL·667 m-2), bacillus subtilis (14 g·667 m-2) and 35% metalaxyl seed mixing agent (120 g·667 m-2) was poor, with only 44.17%, 34.12% and 25.56% respectively. This experiment can provide a scientific basis for insect pest management.
Key words: Potato; Late blight; Seed treatments; Disease index; Control efficiency
馬铃薯是我国主要的粮食作物和经济作物,还可作为多汁类饲料[1-3]。另外,由于马铃薯产量较高,对环境的适应性较强,体内营养成分丰富且综合用途广泛,因此马铃薯已成为世界上四大粮食作物之一[1,4-5]。马铃薯作为甘肃省主要粮食作物之一,种植面积达到67万hm2[6]。近几年,由于农业产业结构的调整,特别是2015年国家马铃薯主粮化战略实施以来,甘肃省马铃薯种植产业还在不断扩大[7-9]。马铃薯晚疫病分布广、流行快、危害严重,是一种由致病疫霉[Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary]引起,能导致马铃薯茎叶死亡和块茎腐烂的真菌病害[7, 10]。据报道,所有马铃薯种植区基本都有晚疫病发生,是全球范围内马铃薯生产上的第一大病害,造成了巨大的经济损失[4,11-13]。……
