宋朝义 季延海 刘明池 武占会 黄远 王丽萍

摘    要：以黃瓜为试材，珍珠岩为基质，在连栋温室内研究了不同基质粒径配比对黄瓜生长、产量、光合气体交换参数、荧光动力学参数及PSⅡ光能分配情况的影响。结果表明，纯小粒径（小于2 mm）珍珠岩T9处理的物理性质最理想，T9处理黄瓜生长势和根系适应性最好，产量最高。T9处理黄瓜叶片Pn、Gs和Tr均最大，T9处理黄瓜叶片的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP均比T1处理显著提高，而Fo和NPQ比T1处理显著降低，这显著提高了PSⅡ反应中心开放程度和PSⅡ电子传递效率。T9处理叶片吸收的光能向P（光化学反应）的分配占比最大，而T1处理叶片吸收的光能向P的分配占比降低，向E（反应中心耗散能）的分配占比增加。综上所述，在封闭式槽培栽培条件下，以纯小粒径珍珠岩作为栽培基质，黄瓜生长势和根系适应性最好，黄瓜叶片的碳同化效率和光合能力最强，产量最高。

关键词：黄瓜;珍珠岩;粒径;基质栽培;产量;光合特性

中图分类号：S642.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）08-056-06

Effects of substrate particle size on the root， yield and photosynthetic characteristics of slot-cultured cucumber

SONG Chaoyi1，2， JI Yanhai2，4， LIU Mingchi2，4， WU Zhanhui2，4， HUANG Yuan3， WANG Liping1

（1. College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056038， Hebei， China; 2. Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences， Beijing 100097， China; 3. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， Hubei， China; 4. Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of North China， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Beijing 100097， China）

Abstract：Cucumber was used as test material and perlite was used as substrate in this research， the effects of different diameter ratios of substrate particle on the cucumber growth and yield，photosynthetic gas exchange parameters，fluorescence kinetics and t PSⅡ light energy distribution were investigated in the greenhouse. The physical properties of pure small-size perlite T9 were found the best，the growth potential and root adaptability of cucumber T9 were the best，and the yield was the highest. Under the T9 particle substrate treatment， the Pn，Gs and Tr of cucumber leaves were all maximized， Fv/Fm，ΦPSⅡ and qP were increased significantly，Fo and NPQ were dropped significantly， the PSⅡ reaction center open degree and PSⅡ electron transfer efficiency were extremely promoted. The leaf absorption of light energy to P allocation proportion of T9 was the largest，while the leaf absorption of light energy to the distribution of P was decreased under T1 treatment，which added to the distribution of E. It was concluded that under the pure small-size perlite culture condition，the growth potential and root adaptability of cucumber were the best，the carbon assimilation efficiency and photosynthetic capacity of cucumber leaves were the strongest，and the yield was the highest.

Key words： Cucumber; Perlite; Particle size; Matrix culture; Yield; Photosynthetic characteristics

基质栽培是指利用固体基质支持、固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收水分、养分和氧气的一种无土栽培方式[1]。随着我国设施蔬菜产业的迅速发展，栽培基质的市场需求日益增加。目前大规模使用的基质类型有岩棉、草炭、椰糠以及有机废弃材料混合基质等。国内学者在基质筛选和配比方面做了大量研究。李堃等[2]研究指出，枸杞枝条、珍珠岩、蛭石按体积比6∶1∶2复配，可作为无土栽培基质进行研发和利用。目前国内基质研究主要集中在有机基质方面，无机基质研究较少。……