罗鑫辉 刘明月 黄科 刘玉兵 彭淼 王军伟

摘 要：以18个番茄品种为试材，置于冷害条件下培养，昼夜温度为15 ℃/7 ℃，计算其冷害指数，评价18个番茄品种的耐低温性并将其分为强耐冷型、弱耐冷型和冷敏感型。根据冷害指数将T1和T3作为强耐冷型品种，T13作为弱耐冷型品种，T10和T11作为冷敏感型品种。测定这5个品种在冷害温度下的叶片相对电导率、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明，T1和T3番茄叶片的相对电导率低于T13、T10和T11，T3的净光合速率显著高于其他品种，T1和T3的光化学猝灭系数高于T10和T13，T1的最大光化学效率高于其他品种。综上所述，强耐冷型品种质膜损伤程度低，光合系統受损伤程度低，气孔开合度受低温影响小，光合作用下降幅度小。

关键词：番茄;低温;冷害指数;光合特性

中图分类号：S641.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）08-049-07

Evaluation of low temperature adaptability and analysis of photosynthetic characteristics in different tomato varieties

LUO Xinhui， LIU Mingyue， HUANG Ke， LIU Yubing， PENG Miao， WANG Junwei

（Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province/Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding， Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， Hunan， China）

Abstract： 18 tomato varieties were used as materials in this study， cold damage temperature was set， the growth index of tomato and the cold damage index were recorded. The 18 tomato varieties were classified  into cold type， weak resistance to cold type and cold sensibility type. According to the cold damage index， T1 and T3 were regarded as typical of strong resistance to cold type， T13 as typical with weak cold resistance， T10 and T11 as cold sensibility type. The gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence of the five cultivars under the cold damage temperature were determined， the result showed that the Pn of seedling leaves of T3 was the highest. The strong cold resistance type could maintain high stomatal conductance and CO2 utilization under cold damage temperature， photosynthesis was less inhibited. qP of T1 and T3 were significantly higher those of T10 and T13. NPQ of T1 was significantly higher than that of T10， which was the lowest of th five varieties. In conclusion， under cold damage temperature， the morphological index， net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence of strong cold resistance were better than those of weak cod resistance type and cold sensibility type.

Key words： Tomato; Low temperature; Cold damage index; Photosynthetic characteristics

番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）为茄科番茄属的一年生或多年生草本植物，是我国冬春设施栽培面积最大的喜温蔬菜之一，生长适宜温度在15 ℃以上，气温低于15 ℃时就会发生冷害，易受低温弱光影响，导致其生长发育缓慢，产量品质下降[1]。研究发现，低温胁迫会引起植物叶片的光系统Ⅱ反应中心D1蛋白可逆失活，发生光抑制，使得叶绿体内光能过剩，活性氧产率升高，严重损伤光合机构，导致光合速率降低[2]。王克安等[3]对耐低温弱光能力不同的黄瓜品种研究表明，低温抑制了黄瓜幼苗的根系活力，耐冷性不同的黄瓜品种对低温胁迫的适应能力不同。在低温下番茄叶片数明显减少[4]，生长速率明显下降，营养生长缓慢导致后续生殖生长出现落花落果，进而产量下降等一系列问题。……