徐云飞 张世文 夏可

摘 要：为探寻无人机遥感对矿业复垦区域植被指数覆盖度的快速提取方法，以四川古蔺某硫磺复垦区为研究对象，通过ZC-6型无人机获取高分辨率遥感影像，采用多种植被指数计算方法作为分类器的选择，使用直方图峰谷法、基本全局阈值法及其融合方法确定图像最佳分割阈值，从而获取研究区植被覆盖度结果。结果表明：不同植被指数分类后的结果有所差异，EXG和VDVI植被指数分类后影像界定较为清晰，而NGBDI指数分类最为模糊;单一直方图峰谷法和基本全局阈值法所得分割结果不理想，而将二者融合后的阈值确定法能结合彼此的优势，弥补灰度不明显或多峰现象的缺点;植被覆盖度（FVC）提取精度显示，基于VDVI提取的人为干预条件下FVC的绝对误差和提取误差分别达到0.040 9和7.05%，而基于EXG提取的自然条件下FVC的绝对误差和提取误差分别达到0.036 6和6.94%，表明利用VDVI和EXG结合B-H融合的方法可有效用于复垦区条件下的FVC提取。

关键词：无人机;复垦区;直方图峰谷法;基本全局阈值法;植被指数;植被覆盖度

Abstract：To explore the rapid extraction method of unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV）remote sensing for vegetation index coverage in mining reclamation areas，the sulfur reclamation area in Gulin of Sichuan was used as a research object. ZC-6 UAV was used to obtain high-resolution remote sensing images and multiple vegetation indices were regarded as classifiers， from which the best ones were selected. The Histogram peak-valley method（HPVM），Basic Global Thresholding（BGT）and its fusion method（B-H）were used to determine the optimal segmentation threshold of the image， so as to get the results of vegetation coverage in the study area. The results obtained from the different vegetation indexes were not same. For example， the classification of the excess green （EXG）and visible-band vegetation index （VDVI）made the image clear， while normalized green-blue difference index （NGBDI）classification results were a little fuzzy. Moreover， the study also found that the segmentation results obtained by the single HPVM and BGT were not ideal， but the B-H method after the fusion of the two would combine the advantages of each other to make up for the shortcomings of inconspicuous grayscale or multi-peak. The absolute FVC extraction under human intervention conditions based on VDVI extraction the error and extraction error reached 0.040 9 and 7.05% respectively， while the absolute error and extraction error of FVC under natural conditions based on EXG extraction respectively reached 0.036 6 and 6.94%， indicating that the method of using VDVI and EXG combined with HPVM and BGT fusion can be effectively used for extraction accuracy of vegetation coverage（FVC）under the condition of reclaimed area.

Key words：unmanned aerial vehicle; reclamation area; histogram threshold method; iterative method; vegetation index; vegetation coverage

礦产资源是国家经济发展的物资基础，是社会发展的重要推动力。各类矿山开采带给国民经济利益的同时，也给生态环境造成极大影响，如：长期开采造成地面塌陷、局部地区积水、土地荒芜、水土流失等问题，因此需对开采后的矿区进行生态修复[1]。据相关资料统计，我国近几年的复垦率不到30%，而国外复垦率高达65%，对于中国这个人均资源相对匮乏的国家，仍需加强复垦工作，以达到保护生态环境、促进社会和谐的目的[2]。……