朱素霞 马宏飞 孙广路

摘 要：针对无线传感器网络（WSN）传统的层次聚类协议LEACH中的节点能量消耗速率快、网络生命周期短及通信能力弱等问题，提出了一种能量高效的改进LEACH协议（MOD-LEACH）。首先，全面兼顾节点剩余能量、邻居数量以及和基站间距离，求出节点作为簇头真实概率，借此优化簇头选举阈值。其次，节点按照簇头的能量、邻居数量和两者间距离，求出成本函数，从而科学判定簇头。最后，簇头根据与基站之间的距离通过单跳或者多跳方式和基站通信，以降低簇头能耗。仿真结果表明，MOD-LEACH协议性能比现有几种协议更优，该协议与LEACH、DEEC、H-LEACH相比，網络生命周期分别延长了61%、42.6%、14.2%，同时MOD-LEACH协议中基站接收的数据量相比其它三种协议也得到大幅提高。

关键词：无线传感器网络;LEACH协议;能量高效;网络生命周期;簇头选举

DOI：10.15938/j.jhust.2021.03.013

中图分类号： TP393

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1007-2683（2021）03-0091-08

An Energy-efficient Improved LEACH Protocol

for Wireless Sensor Networks

ZHU Su-xia， MA Hong-fei， SUN Guang-lu

（School of Computer and Technology， Harbin University of Science and Technology， Harbin 150080，China）

Abstract：Aiming at the problems of fast energy consumption rate， short network life cycle and weak communication capability of nodes in LEACH， a modified LEACH protocol （MOD-LEACH） with high energy efficiency was proposed.Firstly， the remaining energy of the node， the number of neighbors and the distance between the node and the base station are taken into full consideration to calculate the true probability of the node as the cluster head， so as to optimize the voting threshold of cluster heads.Secondly， the nodes calculate the cost function according to the energy of the cluster head， the number of neighbors and the distance between them， so as to judge the cluster head scientifically.Finally， the cluster head communicates with the base station through single-hop or multi-hop mode according to the distance between the cluster head and the base station， so as to reduce the energy consumption of the cluster head.Simulation results show that the performance of MOD-LEACH protocol is better than the existing protocols. Compared with LEACH， DEEC and H-LEACH， the network life cycle of this protocol is extended by 61%， 42.6% and 14.2% respectively. At the same time， the amount of data received by the base station in MOD-LEACH protocol is also greatly improved compared with the other three protocols.

Keywords：wireless sensor network; low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy（LEACH） protocol; energy-efficient; network life cycle; election of cluster heads

0 引 言

无线传感器网路WSN（wireless sensor network）作为物联网的核心技术，近几年受到了越来越多的关注和重视[1]。一个WSN往往包含各种小型传感器节点，它们由通信、处理、电源、传感4个主要单元构成，其中，通信单元信息收发往往占用大部分能量[2]。从实际应用来看，众多传感器节点需要配置于远方无人场景内，无论充电亦或替换电池均面临严重阻碍，因此，如何有效利用传感器节点能量，在保证网络稳定性及通信能力的条件下延长WSN的生命期就成为该领域研究的热点问题。

目前，可从硬件、架构、平面/层次协议[3]等多方面延长WSN生命期，其中，分簇路由协议因其简单高效而成为研究重点[4-5]。……