李友婧 李芬 杨莹 葛宝财 孟繁竹

摘 要：为解决生物质资源浪费及其热解过程的副产炭堆积问题。以稻草秸秆为原材料，采用固相活化方式制备秸秆活性炭，并对活性炭的结构及吸附H2S的性能进行了比对分析。研究结果表明，以氢氧化钠做活化剂时，当炭化温度为450℃，活化温度为700℃，物料比为1∶2，活化时间为60min时，制备的秸秆活性炭对H2S吸附时间可达86min;为增强活性炭的吸附性能，选择尿素利用水热法对秸秆活性炭进行二次活化。结果显示，活化温度120℃，物料比为1∶1（质量比）时吸附效果最好，吸附H2S可达130min。分析表明用尿素进行再活化的秸秆活性炭孔结构复杂，出现掺杂含氮官能团的效果，而这些因素有利于H2S的吸附。

关键词：秸秆;活性炭;固相活化;尿素

DOI：10.15938/j.jhust.2021.03.020

中圖分类号： X701.3

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 1007-2683（2021）03-0134-06

Preparation of Straw Biochar by Solid Phase Activation

and Its Deodorization Performance Research

LI You-jing， LI Fen， YANG Ying， GE Bao-cai， MENG Fan-zhu

（School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering， Harbin University of Science and Technology， Harbin 150040，China）

Abstract：To solve the waste of biomass resources and the accumulation of by-product charcoal in the process of biomass pyrolysis. Rice straw was used as raw material to prepare straw activated carbon by solid-phase activation， and the structure of activated carbon and the adsorption performance of H2S were compared and analyzed. The results showed that when sodium hydroxide was used as an activator， when the carbonization temperature was 450℃， the activation temperature was 700℃， the material ratio was 1∶2， and the activation time was 60min， the adsorption time of H2S on the prepared straw activated carbon could reach 86min.In order to enhance the adsorption performance of activated carbon， urea was selected to conduct secondary activation of straw activated carbon by hydrothermal method. The results showed that the adsorption effect was best when the activation temperature was 120℃， and the material ratio was 1∶1 （mass ratio）， and the adsorption of H2S could reach 130min. The analysis shows that the straw activated carbon reactivated by urea has a complex pore structure and the effect of doping nitrogen-containing functional groups， and these factors are conducive to the adsorption of H2S.

Keywords：straw; activated carbon;solid phase activation; urea

0 引 言

我国是农业大国，每年生物质废弃物的产生量极大。为了有效利用，近些年围绕着生物质高值转化开展了大量研究，其中热解制油气技术应用最为普遍。但该领域的研究一直侧重于目标产物热解条件的优化，副产品炭多会作为废弃物被处理[1-2]。如能加以利用，会很好的解决生物质资源浪费和副产物炭堆积问题。生物质热解过程副产的炭由于其产量大以及可利用性，在炭的资源化利用和对污染物环境行为影响方面引起了广泛关注。但大多数生物质热解过程中副产的炭不满足商业活性炭的使用要求，故很多研究人员采用改性材料或改性剂对其进行修饰，以改其物理结构、表面酸碱性和官能团等化学性质，使其在吸附容量和成本方面更具优势[3-4]。……