宋福如 宋利强 曹子库 宋志强 乜红民 施运锋

摘要：已知有機硅土壤调理剂具有改良盐碱土壤，促进作物生长的作用。为了研究其对苏打型盐碱土壤理化性状、水稻生物学性状的影响及机制，本文采用大田试验示范方法，于2018—2020年在大安市四棵树乡、龙沼镇典型苏打型盐碱土壤水稻，开展了大面积对比试验示范研究。与试验前本底土样相比：施用有机硅土壤调理剂降低耕作层容重8.28%～16.55%，降低水溶性盐分13.57%～53.82%，降低交换性钠离子16.15%～42.62%，降低土壤碱化度24.08%～49.82%，pH降低0.54～1.06，增加土壤阳离子交换量10.45%～32.29%。与常规施肥相比：施用有机硅土壤调理剂增加水稻株高14.72%～23.09%，增加穗数20.92%～29.23%，增加穗粒数3.15%～11.45%，增加千粒重3.61%～5.58%，提高水稻产量30.07%～ 56.60%。上述结果表明，施用有机硅土壤调理剂可改善苏打型盐碱土壤理化性状，改善水稻生物学性状，提高产量，是一套可复制、可推广的苏打型盐碱地改良技术模式。

关键词：有机硅;土壤调理剂;苏打型盐碱土壤;土壤改良;土壤理化性状;水稻产量

中图分类号：S156文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2021-0115

Organosilicon Soil Conditioner：Effect on Soda-type Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Rice Yield

SONG Furu1，2，SONG Liqiang1，2，CAO Ziku3，SONG Zhiqiang1，NIE Hongmin2，SHI Yunfeng3

（1Hebei Silicon Valley Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Handan 057151，Hebei，China;

2Hebei Silicon Valley Fertilizer Co.，Ltd.，Handan 057151，Hebei，China;

3 Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yongnian District，Handan 057150，Hebei，China）

Abstract：It is known that organosilicon soil conditioner can improve saline- alkali soil and promote crop growth. The effect and mechanism of organosilicon soil conditioner on physical and chemical properties of soda- type saline- alkali soil and biological properties of rice were investigated by the study. From 2018 to 2020，a large-scale comparative experiment and demonstration study was carried out on rice in typical sodatype saline-alkali soil in Sikeshu Township and Longzhao Town of Da an City. Compared with the local subsoil samples，the application of organosilicate soil conditioner could reduce the bulk density of cultivated soil layer by 8.28%- 16.55%，water soluble salt by 13.57%-53.82%，exchangeable sodium by 16.15%-42.62%，soil alkalinity by 24.08%- 49.82%，and pH by 0.54- 1.06，and increase cation exchange capacity by 10.45%- 32.29%. Compared with conventional fertilization，the application of organosilicon soil conditioner could alsoincrease rice plant height by 14.72%- 23.09%，ear number by 20.92%- 29.23%，grain number per ear by 3.15%-11.45%，1000-grain weight by 3.61%-5.58%，and rice yield by 30.07%-56.60%. The above results show that the application of organosilicon soil conditioner could not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soda-type saline-alkali soil，but also ameliorate the biological properties of rice and increase the rice yield，and the technology can be reproduced and popularized for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil.

Keywords：Organosilicone;Soil Conditioner;Soda- type Saline- alkali Soil;Soil Amelioration;Soil Physical and Chemical Properties;Rice Yield

0引言

中国有盐碱化土壤约9900万hm²，分布在包括东北平原，西北干旱、半干旱地区，黄淮海平原及东部沿海地区在内的17个省份[1]，不仅造成资源的破坏、农业生产的巨大损失，而且对生态环境构成威胁，使环境和经济均受到危害。盐碱地是中国重要的后备耕地战略资源，治理好盐碱地，对补充中国耕地资源、保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给、建设生态文明具有重要意义。东北平原有盐碱化土壤319.73万hm²，大多属于苏打型盐碱土[2-3]，且每年以1.4%的速度递增[4]。……