李豪圣 程敦公 刘成 韩冉 宋健民 刘爱峰 曹新有 郭军 王灿国 刘建军 赵振东 翟胜男 訾妍 李法计

摘要：為了培育高产稳产、抗旱节水、多抗广适的突破性小麦品种，以高产品种‘临麦2号为母本，以高产抗旱品种‘烟农19为父本，采用系谱法聚合二者优异农艺性状，通过多点多生态鉴定与评价，育成小麦新品种‘济麦262。该品种产量高，品质优良，抗病抗逆性好，农艺性状优异，水旱兼用。在2010—2011年度济南和蒙阴水浇地品比试验中，平均产量较对照‘济麦22增产2.87%和9.41%，均居第一位;在2012—2013年度山东省旱地区域试验中，平均产量较对照‘鲁麦21增产9.74%，是近10年来增产幅度最大的旱地小麦。该品种籽大饱满，籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和面粉白度等品质指标优于对照品种‘鲁麦21;抗干热风，中抗条锈病;株高67.2 cm，后期叶片功能期长，落黄佳，长方形穗，穗粒数37.5 粒，千粒重44.7 g，白粒，粉质。‘济麦262于2016年2通过山东省审定，适宜在无浇灌条件的旱肥地及水资源匮乏地区种植应用。

关键词：‘济麦262;水旱兼用;特征特性;品种选育

中图分类号：S512.1文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191000242

Drought-resistant and Water-saving Wheat Variety ‘Jimai 262：Breeding Experience

LI Haosheng，CHENG Dungong，LIU Cheng，HAN Ran，SONG Jianmin，LIU Aifeng，CAO Xinyou，GUO Jun，WANG Canguo，LIU Jianjun，ZHAO Zhendong，ZHAI Shengnan，ZI Yan，LI Faji

（Crop Research Institute，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/

Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in the North Yellow &Huai River Valley，Ministry of Agriculture/

National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat & Maize，Jinan 250100，Shandong，China）

Abstract：To cultivate a breakthrough wheat variety with high and stable yield，drought tolerance，water saving and multi-resistance，taking high-yield variety ‘Linmai 2as female parent and high-yield，drought-tolerance ‘Yannong 19as male parent，we used pedigree method to polymerize both parents' excellent agronomic characters，and bred a new wheat variety ‘Jimai 262by multi- site and multi-ecological field experiments. This variety was characterized as high yield，good quality，good resistance to disease and tolerance to stress，excellent agronomic characters and could be cultivated in both irrigated land and dry land. In irrigated field variety comparison trial 2010-2011 in Jinan and Mengyin，the average yield of ‘Jimai262was 2.87% and 9.41% higher than that of control variety ‘Jimai 22，and ranked first in both sites. In the dry land regional trail 2012-2013 of Shandong Province，the average yield of ‘Jimai262was 9.74% higher than that of control variety ‘Lumai21，achieved the highest yield increase of dry land variety in the past decade. The grain of‘Jimai 262was big and full，the quality traits such as grain protein content，wet gluten content and flour whiteness were better than that of control variety ‘Lumai21. ‘Jmai262was resistant to hot dry wind，moderate resistant to stripe rust，and the plant height was 67.2 cm. At the later stage，the leaf photosynthetic function period was long，the population was yellowing well，the spike was oblong，the grain number per spike was 37.5，the thousand-grain weight was 44.7 g，and the grain was white and silt. ‘Jimai 262was released by Shandong Province in February 2016，it is suitable for planting in arid fertile land and water deficient area without irrigation condition.

Keywords：‘Jimai262;Water and Dry Land Adaptation;Characteristics;Variety Breeding

0引言

水分是制约旱地小麦产量提高的首要因子[1]。由于干旱缺水，小麦长期或阶段性处于水分胁迫状态，影响了植株生长发育和籽粒产量的形成。黄淮冬麦区是中国最大的小麦主产区，种植面积和产量分别占全国小麦的58.5%和67.6%，其中，黄淮旱地小麦面积近667×10⁴hm²，约占全国种植面积的1/4，该区小麦的丰歉对于国家粮食安全至关重要[2]。然而，黄淮旱区十年九旱，严重制约着该区小麦的生产[3]。……