魏锋 杨海峰 王稼苜 马毅 马俊峰 洪德峰 卫晓轶

摘要：玉米机械化子粒收获是中国玉米未来的发展方向。为了探讨不同玉米自交系材料的配合力及其组配杂交组合的机械化粒收质量影响程度，本研究以7个美国自交系材料作母本，‘新01A3的5個改良系作父本，采用不完全双列杂交，以组配成的35个玉米杂交组合为试验材料，机械化子粒收获后，测定产量和子粒含水率，计算杂质率、破碎率和田间损失率，并对产量进行配合力分析。结果表明，‘XL2产量的一般配合力（GCA）最高。5个父本自交系中，‘新A389产量的一般配合力最高，其次为‘新69。‘XL6×新69的产量特殊配合力（SCA）最高，其次为‘XL7×新3764。对各项性状指标进行相关性分析，结果显示，子粒含水率与破碎率之间存在显著正相关。35个杂交组合中，32个玉米杂交组合的产量与邻近对照相比增幅超过5%，且所有杂交组合的子粒含水率均低于28.0%，均适宜机械化子粒收获。今后应加强对高配合力自交系‘XL2、‘XL5和‘新A389、‘新69的利用。

关键词：玉米;机械化子粒收获;一般配合力;特殊配合力;杂交组合

中图分类号：S513文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0146

The Combining Ability of Different Maize Hybrid Combinations and the Influencing Factors on Mechanical Grain Harvest Quality

WEI Feng，YANG Haifeng，WANG Jiamu，MA Yi，MA Junfeng，HONG Defeng，WEI Xiaoyi

（Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Henan Province，Xinxiang 453002，Henan，China）

Abstract：Mechanical grain harvest of maize is the development direction of China maize industry. The purpose of the study is to explore the combining ability of different maize inbred lines and the influence on the mechanical grain harvest quality of the hybrid combinations. Seven American inbred lines were used as female parent，five ‘Xin 01A3improved lines were used as male parent，incomplete diallel cross was adopted，and 35 maize hybrid combinations were used as materials. After mechanical grain harvest，the yield and grain moisture content were measured，and the impurity rate，broken rate，and the shatter loss rate were calculated. The combining ability of yield was analyzed. The results showed that the general combining ability of ‘XL2was the highest. Among the five male inbred lines，the general combining ability of ‘Xin A389was the highest，and that of ‘Xin 69was the second. The special combining ability of ‘XL6×Xin 69was the highest，and that of ‘XL7×Xin 3764was the second. The correlation of each character was analyzed，and the results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between the broken rate and the moisture content. Among the 35 hybrid combinations，compared with the adjacent control，the yield of 32 maize hybrid combinations increased by more than 5%，and the grain moisture content of all hybrid combinations was lower than 28.0%，suggesting that these hybrid combinations were suitable for mechanical grain harvest. In the future，theutilization of high combining inbred lines ‘XL2，‘XL5，‘Xin A389and ‘Xin 69should be enhanced.

Keywords：Maize;Mechanical Grain Harvest;General Combining Ability;Special Combining Ability;Hybrid Combination

0引言

2019年玉米种植面积和总产量分别占粮食作物种植面积和总产量的35.8%和38.5%，在粮食作物生产中仍位居第一位。随着中国农业现代化进程的加快、农村产业化结构调整，以及农民劳动力的城镇化转移，全程机械化已成为玉米生产发展的必然之路[1]。玉米机械化子粒收获技术于20世纪50年代始于北美[2]，到70年代已经得到全面推广[3]，在20世纪中后期，工业发达的欧美国家已经实现了玉米收获机械化[4]。……