徐蕊 马力文 李剑萍

摘要：为筛选出适宜宁夏种植的藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa）品种和区域，试验于2017—2018年在宁夏海原、盐池、彭阳、同心、西吉5个地点根据当地环境特点试种不同品种藜麦。结果表明：彭阳、同心、西吉试点连续2年试种失败;盐池试点2017年低产，为3.69 kg/hm²，2018年绝产，均不适合藜麦种植生长;海原试点连续2年各试种品种均试种成功，且适应性、丰产性最好，田间表现基本一致，其中‘条藜1号和‘陇藜1号产量和适应性最好，能够在海原县示范种植。本试验结果可为在宁夏推广种植藜麦规避风险，为进一步利用气象因子进行藜麦种植区划奠定前期基础。

关键词：宁夏;藜麦;引种试验;物候期;农艺性状

中图分类号：S519文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191100273

A Preliminary Study on Introduction Experiment of Quinoa in Ningxia

XU Rui1，2，MA Liwen1，2，LI Jianping1，2

（1Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Arid Area Agro-meteorological Disaster，China Meteorological Administration，Yinchuan 750002，Ningxia，China;2Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction，Yinchuan 750002，Ningxia，China）

Abstract：To screen out suitable quinoa varieties and planting regions for Ningxia，we carried out the test planting of different quinoa varieties in five locations，including Haiyuan，Yanchi，Pengyang，Tongxin and Xiji，according to local environmental characteristics from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that the trials in Pengyang，Tongxin and Xiji failed for 2 consecutive years，Yanchi had a low yield in 2017 of 3.69 kg/hm2，no yield in 2018. None of these four locations was suitable for quinoa cultivation. Haiyuan test point successfully cultivated different quinoa varieties for 2 consecutive years，and the varieties showed the best adaptability and high yield. The field performance of the varieties was basically the same，among them，‘Tiaoli No.1and ‘Longli No.1had the best yield and adaptability，and could be planted in Haiyuan for demonstration. The results of the experiment could provide references for avoiding risks in quinoa promotion in Ningxia，and establish a foundation for further use of meteorological factors for quinoa planting zoning.

Keywords：Ningxia;Quinoa;Introduction Experiment;Phenology Period;Agronomic Traits

0引言

藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa）属石竹目（Caryophyllales）藜属（Chenopodium），是一年生双子叶草本植物，原产于南美洲安第斯山区，是印加土著居民的主要传统食物，有5000～7000年的种植历史，被古代印加人称为“粮食之母”[1-2]。藜麦垂直分布广泛（0～ 4500m），適宜生长在海拔3000～4000 m的高山或高原，是一种耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄、耐盐碱、喜冷凉的短日照高海拔作物[3]。藜麦营养价值高且全面，是唯一一种单体植物就可以基本满足人体基本营养需求的食物，堪称“粮食之王”，其蛋白质氨基酸组成非常接近联合国粮农组织（FAO）对食物蛋白质所含必需氨基酸的推荐含量。与其他谷物相比，藜麦富含多种维生素，如B族维生素、维生素E和叶酸等[4]，除此之外，藜麦还富含赖氨酸、多酚、类黄酮、类皂苷、多种微量元素、植物甾醇类物质，能够促进人体酸碱平衡[5-6]，具有很好的抗氧化、抗癌、预防心脏病、预防糖尿病、抑制肥胖等保健功能[7-9]。……