赵丹 秦利军 赵德刚

摘 要：矮化密植技术较常规种植技术具有提高植物单位面积的生物量，减少人工成本，增加经济效益等特点，尤其适用于营造杜仲矮化密植林。研究以一年生杜仲实生苗为材料，设置行距100 cm，株距40 cm、60 cm和80 cm，通过栽植当年及次年生长指标、叶用生物量和化学成分分析比较，为杜仲矮化密植栽培模式的株行距设置提供依据。结果发现，株距为60 cm的杜仲植株生长较好，株高、地径、叶片鲜重均高于其他种植间距。植株修剪矮化处理，主干增至3～4个，可显著提高叶片鲜重、干重。但折算公顷产量发现株距40 cm（相当于25 000株/hm2）的叶片鲜重高于其他种植密度，为1 825 kg/hm2。有效成分显示6月>9月，其中6月的绿原酸含量为41 732 mg/kg。试验结果表明株距选择40～60 cm有利于叶用生物量的积累，采收时间选择6月、10月，6月采收叶片后要及时修枝，促进杜仲再次萌芽。

关键词：杜仲;矮化;种植密度;叶生物量;成分分析

中图分类号：S727.9

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）03-0074-05

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.012

Effects of Dwarfing and Planting Density on Growth and Effective Components of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv

ZHAO Dan1，QIN Lijun1，ZHAO Degang1，2*

（1.Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region （Ministry of Education），Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/College of Life Science，Guizhou University，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;2.Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guizhou Plant Conservation Technology Center，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China）

Abstract：

To study optimal plant spacing and the harvest time of leaves as feed additives by dwarfing and planting density，this paper used the seedling of annual Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.as the research material，and growth indexes and chemical components of E.ulmoides were observed and measured in 2019 and 2020.In this study，the growth index of single plant showed that plant height，ground diameter and leaf fresh weight of plant spacing （60 cm） were higher than those of other planting spacing.The plant spacing of 40 cm （equivalent to 25，000 plants per hm2） was 5 700 kg/hm2，which was higher than other planting densities.Compared with the samples collected in September，the active components of E.ulmoides were higher in June，in which the content of chlorogenic acid was 41 732 mg/kg in June.Therefore，the plant spacing （40 cm） was conducive to the accumulation of leaf biomass and the harvest time was June and October.It is necessary to prune in time to promote the germination of E.ulmoides after harvesting leaves in June.

Keywords：

Eucommia ulmoides;dwarf;planting density;leaf biomass;composition analysis

杜仲（ Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.）是我國十分重要的国家战略资源树种，国家二类重点保护植物，既是世界上极具发展潜力的优质天然橡胶资源，又是我国特有的名贵药材和木本油料树种，也是维护生态安全、增加碳汇、国家储备林建设、实现绿色养殖的重要树种，广泛应用于航空航天、国防、交通、电力、通讯、化工、水利、医疗、体育、农林等领域[1]。根据国家林业局发布的《全国杜仲产业发展规划（2016—2030年）》提出杜仲产业发展要按照一、二、三产融合发展的理念，以杜仲资源种植培育为基础，合理布局加工和流通链，加强杜仲的潜在功能的开发，通过产业要素的集聚和技术的创新延伸产业链，拓展多功能，培育新业态，形成杜仲种植和加工领域交叉发展的产业体系。贵……